Biological agents.pdf

Table 2−1. Bacterial agents
Biological
E. coli serotype
Agent/Disease
Brucellosis
(O157:H7)
Tularemia
Likely Method 1. Spores in aerosol
of Dissemi-
Transmissible
Person to
Incubation
Duration of
Lethality
Efficacy
(for aerosol
exposure)/
Antitoxin
Symptoms and Flu-like, upper-
Treatment
initial stages but islittle use after diseaseis well established.
Intestinal, same as forpulmonary Potential as
Biological
Table 2−1. Bacterial agents−Continued
Biological
Plague (Bubonic
Agent/Disease
Diphtheria
Glanders
Melioidosis
and Pneumonic)
Typhoid Fever
Likely Method Unknown
of Dissemi-
Transmissible High
Person to
Person
Incubation
Duration of
Lethality
Bubonic: 30 % to untreated75 % if untreatedPneumonic: 95 % ifuntreated Efficacy
(for aerosol
exposure)/
Antitoxin
saccharide antigen);both vaccines areequally effective andoffer 65 % to 75 %protection against thedisease Symptoms and Local infection usually Skin lesions,
Treatment
(penicillin) shortens the sulfadiazine) is Potential as
Biological
pneumonic (aerosol) contamination ofform; lack of stability and loss ofvirulencecomplicate its use Table 2−2. Viral agents
Biological
Rift Valley
Venezuelan Equine
Agent/Disease
Marburg Virus
Junin Virus
Fever Virus
Smallpox
Encephalitis
Likely Method of Aerosol
Dissemination
Transmissible
Person to Person
Incubation Period 5 d to 7 d
Duration of
Illness
Lethality
Vaccine Efficacy
(for aerosol
exposure)/
Antitoxin
Symptoms and
backache, vomiting, fevers, rigors, severe Liver function maybe abnormal andplatelet functionmay be impaired.
Treatment
dehydrated and inneed of intravenousfluids.
Potential as
Biological Agent
programs have been weaponized botheliminated world- wide (part of USSR for aerosoloffense bioprogram) distribution Table 2−2. Viral agents−Continued
Congo-Crimean
Biological
Hemorrhagic
Agent/Disease
Yellow Fever Virus
Dengue Fever Virus
Ebola Virus
Fever Virus
Likely Method of Mosquito-borne
Dissemination
Transmissible
Person to Person
Incubation Period 3 d to 6 d
Duration of
Lethality
Vaccine Efficacy
(for aerosol
exposure)/
Antitoxin
Symptoms and
Sudden onset of chills, Sudden onset of fever, Mild febrile illness, headache, pain behind diarrhea, rash, kidney Treatment
No specific treatment; No specific therapy; Potential as
Biological Agent
Table 2−3. Rickettsiae
Biological
Rocky Mountain
Agent/Disease
Endemic Typhus
Epidemic Typhus
Spotted Fever
Likely Method of
Dissemination
Transmissible
Person to Person
Incubation
Duration
of Illness
Lethality
treated—death rarewith specific therapy(tetracycline orchloramphenicol) Vaccine Efficacy
(for aerosol
protection of uncertain against 3500 LD50s in exposure)/
Antitoxin
Symptoms
and Effects
prostration, fever, pain; fever, chest pains, maculae eruption on 5th perspiration, loss of eruption on 5th day to day to 6th day on upper appetite) body, spreading to all but palms, soles, or Treatment
supportive treatment supportive treatment secondary infections secondary infections Erthyromycin(500 mg/6 h) andrifampin (600 mg/d) Potential as
Biological Agent
could cause infection could cause infection of very stable; stable inof force deploying Table 2−4. Biological toxins
Biological
Staphylococcal
Tricothecene
Ricin (Isolated
Agent/Disease
Botulinum Toxin
enterotoxin B
mycotoxins
from Castor Beans)
Saxitoxin
Method of
Dissemination
biological scenario,inhalation or toxicprojectile Transmissible
Person to Person
Incubation
Duration
of Illness
Lethality
Vaccine Efficacy
(for aerosol
exposure)/
Antitoxin
Symptoms
and Effects
discharge,sneezing,coughing, chestpain, hemoptysis Treatment
respiratory support cough suppressants antidote or ingested, empty thestomach andintestines; replacelost fluids Potential
as Biological

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