Curriculum for B.Sc. Degree in Industrial Chemistry 100 Level Harmattan Semester Course Code Course Title requisite 100 Level Rain Semester Course Code Course Title requisite 200 Level Harmattan Semester Course Code Course Title requisite 200 Level Rain Semester Course Code Course Title requisite Electives: One of the following 300 Level Harmattan Semester Course Code Course Title requisite Electives: One of the following 300 Level Rain Semester Course Code Course Title 400 Level Harmattan Semester Course Code Course Title Units Status requisite Electives: One of the following 400 Level Rain Semester Course Code Course Title Units Status requisite Electives: One of the following Course Description (B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry) CHM 101 General Chemistry I Physical Quantities and Chemistry: The physical quantities understood as
consisting of numerical magnitude and unit. International system of units: Base units, mass length, time, current, amount of substance. Other units expressed as products or
Relative masses of atoms and molecules: relative atomic, isotopic, molecular and formular masses. Calculation of empirical and molecular formulae. Chemical Atomic and nuclear Basis: Evidence for atomic constituents. Electrons, protons and neutrons – their relative charges and masses. The nucleus, atomic number, mass
isotopes and mass spectra. The electronic structure of the atom. Radioactivity; X-ray
radiation and detection. Nuclear transformation and binding energy. Nuclear reaction and stability. Applications of radionuclides, electromagnetic radiation, wavelength and
frequency. Radiation as energy, the Plank relation, regions of electromagnetic spectrum absorption and emission of radiation. Wave particle dualism and the de Broglie equation
treated symbolically. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Energy levels in atomic hydrogen
and their quantum numbers. Ionization energy. The size, shape and orientation of atomic orbitals. Radical and polar diagrams and the effect of nuclear change. Electron
and nuclear spin- the sterm- Gerlach experiment. Many electron atoms, electron configuration and Pauli principle. Hund’s rule.
Chemical Bonding: Dependence of properties of solids, liquids and gases on type of
chemical bonding. Electrovalent bond between ions. Covalent bonds. The shape of
simple molecules including CO2 (linear), CH4 (tetrahedral), NH3 (pyramidal), H2O (non-
linear), SO3 (trigonal), SF6 (octahedral). Metallic bonds. Intermolecular bonds. Hydrogen
bonding and its influence on properties.
CHM 102 General Chemistry II Gases, Liquids and Solids
Derivation of ideal gas equation leading to Boyle’s Law and Avogadro’s Hypothesis. The Avogadro constant. A simplified treatment (e.g. particle in a box). The assumption for
ideal behavior and their limitation for real gases at high pressure and low temperature.
Boltzmann distribution and molecule speed. Boltzmann constant. Liquids: the kinetic concept of the liquid state and simple kinetic-molecular description of melting,
vaporization and vapor pressure, saturated and unsaturated vapours. Phase equilibria: Phase rule, equilibria involving one, two and three components. Solids: Lattice structure
and spacing. NaCl as ionic lattice. Cu as a cubic close-packed metal lattice. Graphite and
Diamond- their properties as macromolecular structures. Lattice energy and forces between the particles in atomic molecular and ionic lattice.
Electrolysis: The factors affecting the mass of substance liberated during electrolysis.
Relationship between Faraday and the Avogadro constant and the charge of the
electron. Equilibria: Chemical equilibria: Reversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium. Factors
affecting chemical equilibria. Le Chatelier’s principle. Equilibrium constants; their definition and calculation in terms of concentrations. Effects of temperature on
equilibrium constants. Ionic equilibria: Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.
Strong and weak acids in terms of conductivity. Strong and weak electrolytes. Degree of dissociation. The ionic product of water Kw. pH and calculation, pH indicators;
Chemical kinetics: Simple rate equations; order of reactions; rate constants.
Rate=K (A). Reactions, simple calculations on half life. Qualitative effects of temperature on rate constants. Catalysis.
Thermo-chemistry and Chemical Energetics: Standard enthalpy changes of
reaction, formation, combustion and neutralization: Hess Law. Lattice energy for simple ionic crystals. A treatment of the Born-Haber cycle is not required.
CHM 203 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Introduction to theory of sampling and errors, Statistical treatment of data, Chemical
methods of analysis including volumetric, gravimetric and other physico-chemical methods, optical method of analysis, separation methods, Fundamental laws and
theories. Chromatography: practical experience, thin layer, paper and column
CHM 205 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I Energetic: Bond dissociation energies, Energy cycles including the Born-Haber cycle,
applied to both covalent and ionic bonds. Limited accuracy of dissociation energies.
Heats of formation and their determinations. Laws of thermodynamics. The concept of reversibility. The possibility of endothermic process, and the concept of entropy – with
calculations based on the simple models. Standard entropy values. Free energy as a criterion for chemical reaction and equilibrium. Kinetic and thermodynamic control.
Chemical kinetics: Factors affecting the rates of chemical reactions. Rate laws. Order of reaction and molecularity of elementary process. Relationship of order to
mechanism. Rate equation for zero order, first and second order reactions. Half lives.
Experimental investigation of reaction rates. Sampling and physical methods of following reactions. Determination of order. Effect of temperature on reaction rate.
The Arrhenius equation. Presentation of collision and transition state theories. Catalysis, simultaneous reactions, opposing, consecutive, side and chain reactions.
CHM 207 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I L2T0P3 2UNITS
Solid state structures of simple AB and AB2 type compounds of the s, p and d block
elements. Periodicity of the elements illustrated by a study of their simple compounds, the hydride acids and halides. The solution properties of the compounds including
solvation, solute/solvent interaction and redox reactions.
CHM 202 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I L2T0P3 Molecular Structure and Isomerism: Empirical and molecular formulae. Molecular constitution and constitutional isomerism. Molecular configuration and configurational
isomerism. Molecular conformation and conformational isomerism. Influence of molecular structure on physical properties.
Mechanism and Reactivity: Modes of bond formation and fission. Types of reagent.
Types of reactions. Electronic and steric effects. Kinetic and thermodynamic control of
reaction. Elementary concepts of acidity and basicity.
Chemistry of hydrocarbons: Nomenclature, structure, physical properties, reactions
and industrial importance of typical alkanes and cycloalkanes, alkenes and cycloalkenes, alkynes and cycloalkynes. Practical work will illustrate physical properties and reactions
CHM 206 SPECTROSCOPY
Existence of characteristic energy levels; Bohr-Einstein frequency relationship; selection rules; characteristic spectra; factors determining relative intensities; Boltzmann
distribution effects of temperatures; characteristics line width; absorption and emission spectra and their determination; absolute intensity; Beer-Lambert law.
Survey: Spectra transactions and their main uses. Vibrational Spectroscopy: Harmonic oscillators and the effects of harmonicity;
normal modes of vibration criteria for infra-red activity; Raman activity; group frequencies.
Ultra-violet and visible spectroscopy: Resonance condition, chemical shifts; Mass spectrometry: Generation of positive ions; characteristic fragmentation patterns; isotope effects. Practical Work:
Examples are as follows: determination of meaningful a spectra (sample preparation
and instrumental parameters); determination of simple n.m.r. and mass spectra; investigation of carbonyl stretching frequencies; study of the effects of conjugation in
the ultra-violet region; Lambert law as applied to mixture; determination of pKa of
methyl red; the investigation of an unknown compound using the integrated approach.
CHM 208 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II Ions in Solutions: Bronsted and generalized acid-based concepts; application to
aqueous solvents. Equilibria; strengths of acids bases, pH hydrolysis of salts, buffer
actions, acid base indicators, titrations, concepts of activity, Debye-Huckel theory. Conductance measurements. Interactions in electrolyte solutions.
Surface Chemistry; Interfacial relationships. Criteria for spreading monomolecular
films on water. Adsorption form solution, at gas – solid interface; adsorption isotherms. Classification of colloidal systems. Preparation and properties of lyophilic and lyophobic
sols. Ideal solids, glasses and polymers. Colloidal systems, surface energies, wetting,
adhesion and contact angles. Insoluble surface films. Micelle formation, lyophobic and
CHM 301 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II L2T0P3
Chemistry of s-and p-block elements: Relations between electronic structure, size and
reactions of compounds. Chemistry of d- and f- block elements: Detection,
nomenclature and isomerism of complex compounds. Crystal field theory, d-d spectra detection, nomenclature and isomerism of complex compounds. Crystal field theory, d-
spectra, molecular orbital and valence bond theories. Comparative study of the chemistry of the transition elements and their compounds. Lanthanides and Actinides
CHM 303 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
Review of General organic chemistry, aromatic chemistry: preparation and reactions of
benzene derivatives. Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in the benzene ring. Carbonyl chemistry and synthetic applications. Stereochemistry: stereochemistry of
organic compounds and optical isomerism of compounds with one or more asymmetric centres. Concepts of chirality and absolute configuration. The synthesis of alicyclic
compounds and their stereochemistry. Introduction to mechanistic organic chemistry.
CHM 311 COLOUR & TEXTILE CHEMISTRY L2T0P1 2 UNITS
Classification of dyes and textile fibers. Natural regenerated and synthetic fibers. Physical and structural properties of fibres. Preparatory processes: singeing, desizing,
scouring, bleaching, mercerization and optical brightening. Colour and constitution.
Theory of dyeing, dyeing preparation, structure, and application of dyes. After treatments and quality control: colour fastness.
CHM 313 PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY
Nature, classification and composition of crude petroleum. Characteristic and scope of
petroleum industry. Physical and chemical outlay of refinery operations. Oil refining. Crude oils and separation processes. Steam reforming and major reforming reactions.
Catalytic cracking and desulphurization. Petrochemicals and production.
CHM 359 GLASS BLOWING PRACTICAL L0T0P3 1 UNIT
Properties of glass in general use. Manufacturers symbol and what they represent.
Types of glass used for laboratory wares. Identification methods, working temperatures. Coefficient of expansion, annealing, thermal resistance, correlation of
these factors. Identification of basic tools, gas supplies, safety measures, cutting, rotation techniques, drawing simple butt joining bulb blowing and bending, rounding off
end of tube, taper drawing and reaming, ring seal and side grinding and polishing.
CHM 401 INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL METHODS L2T0P3 2 UNITS Prerequisites: CHM 203
Radiochemical methods; fluorescence and phosphorescence; Electro analytical
methods; voltametry; spectroscopy; Theory and practices of gas chromatography; Thermal methods of analysis; High performance liquid chromatography; Automated
CHM 403 STRUCTURE AND COORDINATION CHEMISTRY L2T0P3 2 UNITS Prerequisites: CHM 207
Nomenclature, coordination number. Isomerism and stability of complex compounds.
Theories of structures i.e. valence bond theory, crystal field theory, molecular orbital and ligand field theories and their relations to bonding in coordination compounds.
Kinetics and mechanism of complex formation. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes as well as their magnetic properties. Preparations, reactions and structure
of complexes with – acceptor ligands such as CN, CO, and NO. Applications of infrared
and nmr spectroscopy to problems of coordination chemistry. Introduction to non-aqueous solvent systems; classification of solvents. Solute-solvent interactions.
CHM 405 MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY L2T0P3 2 UNITS
Classification of macromolecules; polymers and copolymers as natural, modified natural
or synthetic substances. Polymer formation processes; methods, kinetics and mechanisms. The characterization of macromolecules; molar mass and distribution,
molecular size and shapes, stereochemistry. Crystallinity and methods of determination. Structural classification in natural macromolecules. Bulk structure,
crystalline, amorphous, glassy and rubbery states. Inter-relation of structure and
Polymerization processes; mechanism and kinetics of free radical, ionic and stereo-
specific polymerization. Additions of polymerization in bulk, solution, suspension and
emulsion. Ring opening polycondesation processes, Gelation Theory, Copolymerization: addition copolymerization, reactivity ratios, and the copolymer-equation. Prediction of
reactivity ratios. Degradation of polymers: by thermal, oxidative, photochemical and chemical environments. Kinetics and mechanism of degradation. Inhibitors and
retarders. Biopolymers: organization in protein and nucleic acid structures, super-
cooling. Inorganic macromolecules; condensed oxyanion structures, silicates; silicon. Solution properties of macromolecules: thermodynamics of polymers solutions.
Morphology, crystallinity and orientation.
CHM 407 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY III L2T0P3
Compounds having metal-carbon bonds: sigma – and pi bonded compounds. Their structure, properties and uses. Energy considerations applied to extraction of elements
and thermal stability of compounds in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. Inorganic
reactions in solution: types of reaction, effects of solvent, oxidation-reduction and substitution reactions. Kinetics of fast reactions, methods of study of SN1, SN2 and ion-
CHM 409 ORGANIC CHEMSITRY III
Heterocyclic Chemistry: The Chemistry of five – six – member ring. Heterocyclic compounds containing Nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Fused heterocycle. Substitution
reaction in monocyclic/heterocyclic compound and the benzoyl derivatives. Brief treatment of heterocyclic compounds containing more than one hetero-atom. Reactive
intermediates: formation and reaction of arynes, carbenes, nitrenes and free radicals.
Photochemical generation of reactive species and its use in organic synthesis. Polyfunctional molecules: the interaction of functional groups within molecules,
synthesis and reaction of amino acid. Formation of peptides bond; racemization. Chemistry of hydroxy-acids, hydroxy-ketones, and hydoxy-aldehydes. Lactone and
lactan formation. Properties of bicarnonyl compounds.
CHM 411 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Chemical Equilibria: Ionic Equilibria, conductance, theory and measurement, interpretation of data for strong and weak electrolytes, conductance and transport
processes. Thermodynamics and galvanic cells. Standard electrode potentials. Practical
electrode. Molecular forces in solids and liquids: Dipole moments. Interaction potentials and forces. Reversible galvanic cells, measurement of e.m.f. electrode
potentials and the electrochemical series. Standard state and the Nernst equation. Application of e.m.f. measurements (excluding thermodynamic relationships).
Potentiometric titration including measurement of pH. Redox reactions. The electrical double layer and its application.
CHM 402 NUCLEAR AND RADIATION CHEMISTRY L3T0P0
Revision of proton-neutron, neutron excess, shell model and nuclear spin. Alpha, megatron, position, electron capture, gamma and internal conversion decay modes of
properties of particles produced – annihilation, range, shielding etc. health effects, permissible dose level, risk estimates, kinetics of decay, half life and decay curve.
Detection systems, solid and liquid scintillation counting. Quenching and channels ratio
correction. Natural radioactivity. Inducted radioactivity – mass and energy balance
including recoil. Binding energy. Fission and fusion. Reactor types classified by fuel, moderator coolant. Introduction to activation analysis. The use of isotopes in reaction
mechanism and analysis. CHM 404 ORGANIC SYNTHESISL2T0P3 2
Reduction methods. Catalytic hydrogenation. Reduction with boron and aluminium
hydrides and their analogues and derivatives. Metal reductions. Selective reduction in polyfunctional compounds. Oxidation methods. Epoxidation, hydration and
hydroxylation of alkenes, oxidative cleavage of glycol. Peroxyacids and coupling and
relevance to biosynthesis survey of synthetic applications of organometallic.
Organoboranes. Hydrocarbon oxidation to ketones. Carboxylation reactions and
protonolysis phosphorus halides and their applications. Enamines: synthesis and applications. Formation of polycyclic compounds. Aldol type reactivity and reaction of
minimum salts with nucleophile. Synthesis of complex molecules. Pericyclic reactions.
Methodology for the construction synthetic routes.
CHM 406 FOOD CHEMISTRY
The nature of food, vitamin, additives and adulterants; chemistry and microbiology of
production processes and control; food preservation and spoilage; processing and
preservation of local food stuffs; formulation and practice of food standards
CHM 408 REACTION KINETICS
Second and third order rate equations – review. Rate constant and equilibrium
constants – derivation state theory, reaction coordinates, unimolecular reactions theory,
bimolecular reaction mechanism; chain reaction mechanisms. Photochemical and electrochemical reactions; complex reaction systems. Concurrent, consecutive and
chain reactions. Catalysis and heterogeneous reactions.
CHM 410 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY L2T0P3 2 UNITS
The water cycle. Heavy metal and pesticides as pollutants. Mutagenic and other effects of pollutants. Recovery of water by sewage treatment etc. Modern and unusual
methods of pollution analysis. Biodegradable macromolecules including detergents. Polymers, biodegradable and photodegradable, and polymer additives photochemical
ICH 201 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL PROCESES
Process variables, data presentation and analysis, material and energy balances,
application in chemical and allied processes. Steam engine generation and uses.
Survey of chemical raw materials in Nigeria. Flowchart for industrial processes. Large
scale and bench scale processes. Unit operations equipment.
ICH 205 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES I L2T0P3
Commercial process, problems of scale and cost, process flow sheet and Stoichiometry,
handling of fluids; conservation laws and dimensional analysis applied to a moving fluid. Process heat transfer, mechanisms of heat transfer, and coefficients in batch and
continuous processes. Use of mean temperature difference. Change of phase correlation of heat transfer data. Distillation differential, bath fractional and continuous
distillation, number of stages; effects of operating variables.
INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT IL2T0P0 2 Management process and methods: The nature of management and the role with the chemical industry: management theory. Managerial association and specialization.
Line and staff structure: functions and relationship. The manager role. Organization structure and management structure. Authority and organization. Corporate policy and
organizational constraints on management process. The decision process, managerial
technique supportive information system.
Managerial Economics: Risk and uncertainty in decision making. The theory of
production, cost and demand analyses and sales forecasting. Pricing. Investment
decision, product diversifications. Theory of business behaviour.
INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS
Classification and properties of industrial materials. Type of bonding and its influence on both structure and properties of materials. Manufacture and properties of solid
solution (alloys). Structure of crystalline materials, coordination number, crystallography.
Stress- strain relationship in materials, elastic and inelastic regions, mechanical, thermal
and electrical properties of materials. Crystal growth and imperfections (defects). Material transformation-deformation, strengthening, electroplating and corrosion.
ICH 202 BASIC CONCEPTS OF DRUG DESIGN AND PRODUCTION L2T0P3 2 Biochemical pharmacology: Introduction. Absorption and distribution. The blood- brain barrier, placental transfer of drugs. Biotransformation of drugs their conjugation
and excretion. Factors affecting metabolism. The micosomal enzymes system. Drug receptor interactions. Bioassay drugs, pharmacokinetics, the importance of plasma
levels of a drug. Drug discovery, design and development. Classification of the various
types of drugs, chemistry and properties of some drugs. Production of selected drugs from natural sources and synthesis.
INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT II L2T0P0 2 UNITS
An introduction to anatomy of management, Industrial relation, Public relations,
Industrial Psychology, organizational design, Management of personnel , an introduction to the production functions, planning for productivity, General problem solving
processes and creative thinking; analytical methods of investigation.
Financial relationship: statement, revenue, depreciation, taxes, capitals, cash receipts and disbursements. Operation planning and control – cost concepts,
estimating and controlling costs, materials, labour production cost (fixed and variable), cost-volume-profit relationships. Budgets-sales and production. Capital investment
HEAVY INORGANIC CHEMICALS L2T0P3 2 UNITS Chemistry of metals: occurrence, extraction, general properties and uses of some
metals. Nitrogen-based manufacturing industries. Sulphur dioxide production and the sulphuric industry. The phosphorous and related industries. Glass, cement and
ICH 305 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES II L2T0P3
Mass transfer processes; single phase and interphase, mass transfer drying as a heat- mass transfer process. Extraction and absorption; solvent extraction in mixer settlers
and columns; number of ideal stages in gas absorption by HTU method; gas film and
liquid film rate determining steps. Solid-liquid separation by filtration and sedimentation. Stoichiometry for systems involving recycles.
INTRODUCTORY CATALYSISL2T0P3 2
General principles of catalytic processes. Homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzyme
catalyses. Kinetics and mechanism of catalysis. Chemistry, structure, and applications of industrial catalysis.
FERTILIZER AND AGROCHEMICAL L2T0P3 2 UNITS
Chemistry and technology of production of phosphatic and nitrogenous fertilizers.
Complex fertilizers. Survey of modern approaches to pest and fungal control. Naturally occurring pesticides – retenoids, pyrethroids. Survey of synthetic chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides. Insect pheromones – techniques of identification, isolation and structural determination and configuration – some synthetic analogues.
Commercial production of insecticides, herbicides and growth regulation substances.
Some Nitrogen containing herbicides – a review. Synthesis of selected nitrogen containing herbicides.
UNIT OPERATIONS
Momentum transfer in material transfer. Flow processes and related measurements.
Bernoulli’s equation and use. Pumping, compression and expansion. Energy economy. Physicochemical industrial processes, filtration, distillation, extraction, crystallization,
evaporation and drying. Reactor types, design and optimization. Waste treatment and utilization.
ICH 404 INDUSTRIAL FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY L2T0P3 2 UNITS
Detail discussion of various fermentation processes. Brewery technology. Production of antibiotics, alcohols and some organic acids.
ICH 406 INDUSTRIAL SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Thermodynamics of surface phenomena. Adsorption processes, equations and
application. Wetting and floatation. Corrosion and colloidal chemistry.
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