Microsoft word - references addendum fin.doc

Scientific references for the ADDENDUM to
the food industry’s contribution to the list of claims according to Article 13 (3) of the regulation 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and VITAMIN B2 and Mental performance .3
PANTOTHENIC ACID and Mental performance.3
FOLATE and Mental performance .3
ZINC and Mental performance .4
COFFEA ARABICA and Mental and physical stimulant effect.4
READY-TO-EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS and Weight management .5
READY-TO- EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS and Reduction or maintenance of body fat.7
READY TO EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS and Healthier body weight .7
BREAKFAST and Mental performance .8
FOOD LOW/FREE OF ENERGY and Bodyshape management.10
PROTEIN and Satiety.13
INOSITOL and Cognitive and mental performance .14
TAURINE and Cognitive performance .15
TYROSINE and Cognitive function.16
TRYPTOPHAN and Mental and nerve function .17
BACOPA MONNIERI and Mental health .21
CAMELLIA SINENSIS and Cognitive performance .23
CENTELLA ASIATICA and Cognition.25
CROCUS SATIVUS and Mental health .26
GARCINIA CAMBOGIA and Weight management.27
FUCUS VESICULOSUS and Weight management .28
LYCOPODIUM SERRATUM and Mental health .29
VITAMIN B2 and Mental performance
Authoritative Body:
Institute of Medicine (1998) Riboflavin In Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 5, pp 87-122 Review:
Haller J: The actions of vitamins and other nutrients on psychological parameters. In: Human Psychopharmacology (Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, eds). London: Wiley, 1995; pp 229–261 Huskisson E, Maggini S, Ruf M: The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. J Int Med Res 2007; 35(1): 1-19 Huskisson, E.; Maggini, S. and Ruf, M. (2007) The role of vitamins and minerals in energy metabolism and well-being. J. Internat. Med. Res. 35, 277-289 PANTOTHENIC ACID and Mental performance
Authoritative Body:
Institute of Medicine (1998) Pantothenic Acid In Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 10, pp 357-373 Review:
Haller J: The actions of vitamins and other nutrients on psychological parameters. In: Human Psychopharmacology (Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, eds). London: Wiley, 1995; pp 229–261 Huskisson E, Maggini S, Ruf M: The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. J Int Med Res 2007; 35(1): 1-19 Huskisson, E.; Maggini, S. and Ruf, M. (2007) The role of vitamins and minerals in energy metabolism and well-being. J. Internat. Med. Res. 35, 277-289 FOLATE and Mental performance
Authoritative Body:
Institute of Medicine (1998) Folate In Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington D.C, chapter 8, pp 196-305 Review:
Haller J: The actions of vitamins and other nutrients on psychological parameters. In: Human Psychopharmacology (Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, eds). London: Wiley, 1995; pp 229–261 Huskisson E, Maggini S, Ruf M: The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. J Int Med Res 2007; 35(1): 1-19 Huskisson, E.; Maggini, S. and Ruf, M. (2007) The role of vitamins and minerals in energy metabolism and well-being. J. Internat. Med. Res. 35, 277-289 Clinical Study
Flood VM, Smith WT, Webb KL, et al: Prevalence of low serum folate and vitamin B12 in an older Australian population. Aust N Z J Public Health 2006; 30(1): 38–41 Tucker KL, Qiao N, Scott T, Rosenberg I, Spiro A: High homocysteine and low B vitamins predict cognitive decline in aging men: the Veterans affairs normative aging study. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82(3): 627–635 ZINC and Mental performance
Authoritative Body
Institute of Medicine (2001) Zinc In Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and. National Academic Press, Washington D.C., chapter 12, pp 442-501 Review
Frederickson CJ, Suh SW, Silvia D, Frederickson CJ, Thompson RB: Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: the zinc-containing neuron. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1471S–1483S Huskisson E, Maggini S, Ruf M: The influence of micronutrients on cognitive function and performance. J Int Med Res 2007; 35(1): 1-19 Prasad AS: Zinc: an overview. Nutrition 1995; 11: 93–99 Sandstead HH: Causes of iron and zinc deficiencies and their effect on brain. J Nutr 2000; 130: 347S-349S Clinical Study
Marshall TA, Stumbo PJ, Warren JW, Xie X-J: Inadequate nutrient intakes are common and are associated with low diet variety in rural, community-dwelling elderly. J Nutr 2001; 131: 2192–2196 COFFEA ARABICA and Mental and physical stimulant effect
Textbooks
Hagers Handbuch, 5 Auflage, Springer Verlag, 1994, 926-940 Magkos F, Kavouras SA. Caffeine use in sports, pharmacokinetics in man, and cellular mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2005;45(7-8):535-62. Nehlig A, Debry G., Caffeine and sports activity: a review, Int J Sports Med. 1994 Jul;15(5):215-23. Links. Powers SK, Dodd S., Caffeine and endurance performance. Sports Med. 1985 May-Jun;2(3):165-74. Williams JH, Caffeine, neuromuscular function and high-intensity exercise performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1991 Sep;31(3):481-9. Links Human Studies
Beck TW, Housh TJ, et al. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. Childs E, de Wit H. Subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of acute caffeine in light, nondependent caffeine users. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 May;185(4):514-23. Doan BK, Hickey PA, et al. Caffeinated tube food effect on pilot performance during a 9-hour, simulated nighttime U-2 mission. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006 Oct;77(10):1034-40. Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Jun; 179(4):813-25. Epub 2005 Jan 28. Hewlett P, Smith A. Acute effects of caffeine in volunteers with different patterns of regular consumption. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2006 Apr;21(3):167-80. Jarvis MJ. Does caffeine intake enhance absolute levels of cognitive performance? Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993;110(1-2):45-52. Jay SM, Petrilli RM, Ferguson SA, Dawson D, Lamond N. The suitability of a caffeinated energy drink for night-shift workers. Physiol Behav. 2006 May 30;87(5):925-31. Epub 2006 Mar 29. Johnson-Kozlow M, Kritz-Silverstein D, et al. Coffee consumption and cognitive function among older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov 1;156(9):842-50. Texte intégral: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org Kamimori GH, Johnson D, Thorne D, Belenky G. Multiple caffeine doses maintain vigilance during early morning operations. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Nov;76(11):1046-50. Philip P, Taillard J, Moore N, Delord S, Valtat C, Sagaspe P, Bioulac B. The effects of coffee and napping on nighttime highway driving: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jun 6;144(11):785-91. Robelin M, Rogers PJ. Mood and psychomotor performance effects of the first, but not of subsequent, cup-of-coffee equivalent doses of caffeine consumed after overnight caffeine abstinence. Behav Pharmacol. 1998 Nov; 9(7):611-8. Schweitzer PK, Randazzo AC, et al. Laboratory and field studies of naps and caffeine as practical countermeasures for sleep-wake problems associated with night work. Sleep. 2006 Jan 1;29(1):39-50. Smith A, Brice C, Nash J, Rich N, Nutt DJ. Caffeine and central noradrenaline: effects on mood, cognitive performance, eye movements and cardiovascular function. J Psychopharmacol. 2003 Sep;17(3):283-92. READY-TO-EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS and Weight management
Authoritative Body
2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children. Can Med Ass J, 2007; Lau CMAJ et al.; 176(8); S1-S13. Meta Analysis
Scientific dossier relating to ready to eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) and special K (SPK) with potential claims regarding weight loss. 2007; Ashwell Associates. Meta-Analysis report for Kellogg. The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. Int J Obes, 2000; Astrup A. et al.; 24(12); 1545-52. Individual Studies
Changes in thiamin intake and blood levels in young overweight/obese women following hypo-caloric diets based on the increased relative consumption of cereals or vegetables. Ortega R.M. et al. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61: 77-82. Changes in folate status in overweight / obese women following two different weight control programmes based on an increased consumption of vegetables or fortified breakfast cereals. Ortega R.M. Br J Nutr; 2006: 1-9. Effect of post-dinner snack and partial meal replacement program on weight loss. Vander Wal J.S. et al. Int J Food Sci Nutr; 2006; 57(1/2): 97-106. Ready-to-eat cereal used as a meal replacement promotes weight loss in humans. Mattes R.D. J Am Coll Nutr; 2002; 21(6): 570-577. Ready-to-eat cereal products as meal replacements for weight loss. Vander Wal J.S. et al. Int J Food Sci Nutr; 2007; 58(5): 331-340. Promotion of dietary carbohydrate as an approach to weight maintenance after initial weight loss: a pilot study. Kirk T. et al. J Hum Nutr Dietet; 2000: 13; 277-285 Studies
Ashwell Associates (2007) Scientific dossier relating to ready to eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) and special K (SPK) with potential claims regarding weight loss. Meta-Analysis report for Kellogg. Astrup A, Grunwald GK, Melanson EL, Saris WHM, Hill JO (2000) The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. Int J Obes, 24(12); 1545-52. De La Hunty A, Ashwell M (2007) Are people who regularly eat breakfast cereals slimmer than those who don’t? A systematic review of the evidence. Nutrition Bulletin, 32: 118-128. Kirk T, Crombie N, Cursiter M (2000) Promotion of dietary carbohydrate as an approach to weight maintenance after initial weight loss: a pilot study. J Hum Nutr Dietet, 13; 277-285. Lau DCW, Douketis JD, Morrison KM, Hramiak IM, Sharma AM, Ur E, for members of the Obesity Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Panel (2007) 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]. Can Med Ass J, 176(8); S1-S13. Mattes RD (2002) Ready-to-eat cereal used as a meal replacement promotes weight loss in humans. J Am Coll Nutr, 21(6); 570-577. Ortega RM, Andres P, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Garcia-Gonzalez L, Basabe B (2007) Changes in thiamin intake and blood levels in young overweight/obese women following hypo-caloric diets based on the increased relative consumption of cereals or vegetables. Eur J Clin Nutr, 61; 77-82. Ortega RM, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Andres P, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Lopez-Plaza B (2006) Changes in folate status in overweight / obese women following two different weight control programmes based on an increased consumption of vegetables or fortified breakfast cereals. Br J Nutr, 2006; 1-9. Vander Wal JS, McBurney MI, Cho S, Dhurandhar NV (2007) Ready-to-eat cereal products as meal replacements for weight loss. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 58(5); 331-340. Vander Wal JS, Waller SM, Klurfeld DM, McBurney MI, Cho S, Kapila M Dhurandhar NV (2006) Effect of post-dinner snack and partial meal replacement program on weight loss. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 57(1/2); 97-106. Voedingscentrum Nederland (1998) Zo eet Nederland, Resultaten van de Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997-1998 (This is how the Netherlands eats, the results of the 1997-1998 food consumption survey). READY-TO- EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS and Reduction or maintenance of body fat
Meta Analysis
Scientific dossier relating to ready to eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) and special K (SPK) with potential claims regarding weight loss. 2007; Ashwell Associates. Meta-Analysis report for Kellogg. The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. Int J Obes, 2000; Astrup A. et al.; 24(12); 1545-52. Individual Studies
Effect of post-dinner snack and partial meal replacement program on weight loss. Vander Wal J.S. et al. Int J Food Sci Nutr; 2006; 57(1/2): 97-106. Promotion of dietary carbohydrate as an approach to weight maintenance after initial weight loss: a pilot study. Kirk T. et al. J Hum Nutr Dietet; 2000: 13; 277-285 Ready-to-eat cereal used as a meal replacement promotes weight loss in humans. Mattes R.D. J Am Coll Nutr; 2002; 21(6): 570-577. Ready-to-eat cereal products as meal replacements for weight loss. Vander Wal J.S. et al. Int J Food Sci Nutr; 2007; 58(5): 331-340. Studies
Ashwell Associates (2007) Scientific dossier relating to ready to eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) and special K (SPK) with potential claims regarding weight loss. Meta-Analysis report for Kellogg. Astrup A, Grunwald GK, Melanson EL, Saris WHM, Hill JO (2000) The role of low-fat diets in body weight control: a meta-analysis of ad libitum dietary intervention studies. Int J Obes, 24(12); 1545-52. De La Hunty A, Ashwell M (2007) Are people who regularly eat breakfast cereals slimmer than those who don’t? A systematic review of the evidence. Nutrition Bulletin, 32: 118-128. Kirk T, Crombie N, Cursiter M (2000) Promotion of dietary carbohydrate as an approach to weight maintenance after initial weight loss: a pilot study. J Hum Nutr Dietet, 13; 277-285. Mattes RD (2002) Ready-to-eat cereal used as a meal replacement promotes weight loss in humans. J Am Coll Nutr, 21(6); 570-577. Vander Wal JS, McBurney MI, Cho S, Dhurandhar NV (2007) Ready-to-eat cereal products as meal replacements for weight loss. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 58(5); 331-340. Vander Wal JS, Waller SM, Klurfeld DM, McBurney MI, Cho S, Kapila M Dhurandhar NV (2006) Effect of post-dinner snack and partial meal replacement program on weight loss. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 57(1/2); 97-106. Voedingscentrum Nederland (1998) Zo eet Nederland, Resultaten van de Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997-1998 (This is how the Netherlands eats, the results of the 1997-1998 food consumption survey). READY TO EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS and Healthier body weight
Review
de La Hunty A, Ashwell M (2007) Are people who regularly eat breakfast cereals slimmer than those who don’t? A systematic review of the evidence. Nutrition Bulletin, 32, 118-128 List of references used in the review
Albertson AM, Anderson GH, Crockett SJ et al. (2003) Ready-to-eat cereal consumption: its relationship with BMI and nutrient intake of children aged 4–12 years. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103: 1613–9. Barton BA, Eldridge AL, Thompson D et al. (2005) The relationship of breakfast and cereal consumption to nutrient intake and body mass index: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105: 1383–9. Bazzano LA, Song Y, Bubes V et al. (2005) Dietary intake of whole and refined grain breakfast cereals and weight gain in men. Obesity Research 13: 1952–60. Bertrais S, Polo Luque ML, Preziosi P et al. (2000) Contribution of ready-to-eat cereals to nutrition intakes in French adults and relations with corpulence. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 44: 249–55. Cho S, Dietrich M, Brown CJ et al. (2003) The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Journal of the American College of Nutrition 22: 296–302. Farshchi HR, Taylor MA & Macdonald IA (2004) Decreased thermic effect of food after an irregular compared with a regular meal pattern in healthy lean women. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 28: 653–60. Gibson SA & O’Sullivan KR (1995) Breakfast cereal consumption patterns and nutrient intakes of British schoolchildren. Journal of the Royal Society of Health 115: 366–70. Ortega RM, Requejo AM, Lopez-Sobaler AM et al. (1998) Difference in the breakfast habits of overweight/obese and normal weight schoolchildren. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 68: 125–32. Pollitt E & Mathews R (1998) Breakfast and cognition: an integrative summary. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67: 804S–813S. Rajpathak SN, Rimm EN, Rosner B et al. (2006) Calcium and dairy intakes in relation to long-term weight gain in US men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83: 559–66. Ruxton CH & Kirk TR (1997) Breakfast: a review of associations with measures of dietary intake, physiology and biochemistry. British Journal of Nutrition 78: 199–213. Schlundt DG, Hill JO, Sbrocco T et al. (1992) The role of breakfast in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55: 645–51. Song WO, Chun OK, Obayashi S et al. (2005) Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults? Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105: 1373–82. Summerbell CD, Moody RC, Shanks J et al. (1996) Relationship between feeding pattern and body mass index in 220 free-living people in four age groups. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50: 513–9. Trowman R, Dumville JC, Hahn S et al. (2006) A systematic review of the effects of calcium supplementation on body weight. British Journal of Nutrition 95: 1033–8. Zemel MB (2004) Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79: S907–12. BREAKFAST and Mental performance
Individual Studies
Andersen L.F. et al (1995) Scientific data on breakfast and cognitive function among children and adolescents. Scand. J. Nutr. 39: 73-78. Belderson P., Harvey I., Kimbell R., O'Neill J., Russell J. and Barker M. (2003). Does breakfast club attendance affect schoolchildren's nutrient intake? A study of dietart intake at three school. British Journal of Nutrition, 90, 1003-1006. Benton D. & Sargent J. (1992) Breakfast, blood glucose and memory. Biological Psychology 33, 207-210. Benton, D & Parker, P. (1998) Breakfast, Blood glucose and cognition. Am J Clin Nutr, 67 (Suppl) 772S-778S Benton, D. Sargent, J. (1992) Breakfast, blood glucose and memory. Biological Psychology 33, 207-210 Chandler A-M. K. et al (1995) School Breakfast Improves Verbal Fluency in Undernourished Jamaican Children. J. Nutr. 125: 894-900. Connors, C. K. & Blouin, A. G. (1983). Nutritional effects on behaviour of children. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 198-201. Cromer, B.A. et al (1990) The School Breakfast. Program and Cognition in Adolescents,” Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, Vol. 11, No. 6, 295-300. Gregory G Phillips W. (2005) Does Eating Breakfast Affect the Performance of College Students on Biology Exams? Bioscene Volume 30(4) P.15-19. December 2005 Jacoby E. et al (1995) Dietary and cognitive effects of a school breakfast program among Andean children of Peru. FASEB. Lindeman A.K. & Clancy K.L. (1990) Assessment of Breakfast Habits and Social/Emotional Behavior of Elementary Schoolchildren. J. of Nutr. Educ. Vol. 22, No. 5. Lechky O. (1990) If children are developing poorly, ask what they had for breakfast. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1990: 143 (3), 210-213. Lopez I. et al (1993) Breakfast omission and cognitive performance of normal, wasted and stunted schoolchildren. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 47, 533-542. Meyers, A. F., Sampson, A. E., Weitzman, M., Rogers, B. L. & Kayne, H. (1989). School Breakfast Program and school performance. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 143, 1234-1239. Murphy, J.M. et.al. (1997) School Breakfast and Psychosocial Functioning: Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Observations in an Inner-City School Sample. Pollitt E. (1995) Does breakfast make a difference in school?J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 95: 1134-1139. Pollitt, E (1998) Breakfast, Cognition and School Learning. Am J Clin Nutr, 67 (Suppl): 747S-748S Pollitt, E., Leibel, R. L. & Greenfield, D. (1981). Brief fasting, stress and cognition in children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34, 1526-1533. Pollitt, E., Lewis, N. L., Garza, C. & Schulman, J. (1982-83). Fasting and cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 169-174. Popkin B.M. & Lim-Ybanez M. (1982) Nutrition and School Achievement. Social Science & Medicine 16: 53-61. Simeon D.T. & Grantham-McGregor S. (1988) Effects of missing breakfast on the cognitive functions of school children of differing nutritional status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 49, 646-53 Smith, A. (1998) Breakfast and mental health. Int J food Sci & Nutr, 49, 397-402 Smith, A. (1998) Breakfast Consumption and Intelligence in Elderly Persons. Psychological Reports pages 424-426 Vaisman, N., Voet, H., Akivis, A., Vakil, E. (1996) Effect of breakfast timing on the cognitive functions of elementary school students, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vol. 150 pp.1089-92. Wesnes, K. A., Pincock, C., Richardson, D., Helm, G. & Hails, S. (2003). Breakfast reduced declines in attention and memory over the morning in schoolchildren. Appetite, 41, 329-331. Worobey, J. & Worobey, H. S. (1999). The impact of a two-year school breakfast program for preschool-aged children on their nutrient intake and pre-academic performance. Child Study Journal, 29(2), 113-131. Wyon D. et al (1995) Energy intake at breakfast improves school performance of 10 year old Swedish children. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. Vol. 95 No. 9: A92. Wyon, D. P., Abrahamsson, L., Jartelius, M. & Fletcher, R. J. (1997). An experimental study on the effects of energy intake at breakfast on the test performance of 10-year-old children in school. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 48, 5-12. Reviews
Papamandjaris A. Breakfast and Learning in Children: A Review of the Effects of Breakfast on Scholastic Performance'; January (2000) Prepared for Breakfast for Learning Canadian Living Foundation. Pollitt E. et al (1978) Educational Benefits of the United States School Feeding Program: A Critical Review of the Literature. Am. J. Public Health 68: 477-481. Pollitt E. et al (1996) Review of Breakfast and School Performance. NRN, January, p.5. Smith A. (1997) Food, drink and performance efficiency. Occupational Health Review, May/June, pages 15-18. FOOD LOW/FREE OF ENERGY and Bodyshape management
Authoritative Body
http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/html/chapter7.htm Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S etal. Diet and Lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 2006, 114 (1): e27. World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2003. Swedish Nutrition Foundation: Health Claims in the Labelling and Marketing of Food Products. The Food Sector’s Code of Practice. 2004, SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation, Ideon Research Park, SE-223 70, Lund, Sweden. Ref. no.: 2004:1. Available from: http://www.snf.ideon.se/snf/en/rh/PFP.htm Reviews
Bachman CM, Baranowski T, Nicklas TA. Is there an association between sweeetened beverages and adiposity? Nutrition reviews 2006, 64, 153-74. Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006, 84(2), 274-88 Moreno L and Rodriguez G. Dietary risk factors for development of childhood obesity. Current Opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolism, 2007, 10,3, 336-41 Pereira MA. The possible role of sugar-sweetened beverages in obesity etiology: a review of the evidence. International group of obesity 2006, 30, 28-36 Individual Studies
Anderson LF, Lilleguard IT, Overby N, Lytle L, Klepp KI, Johansson L. Overweight and obesity among Norwegian schoolchildren: changes from 1993 to 2000. Scand J Public Health 2005, 33 (2):99-106. Ariza AJ, Chen EH, Binns HJ, Christoffel KK. Risk factors for overweight in five to six-year -old Hispanic-American children: a pilot study. J Urban health 2004, 81(1), 150-61. Bandini LG, Vu D, Must A, Cyr H,Goldberg A and Dietz WH. Comparison of high-calorie, low-nutrient-dense food consumption among obese and non-obese adolescents. Obesity Research 7: 438-443 (1999) Berkey CS, Rockett HR, Field AE, Gillman MW, Colditz GA. Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change. Obes Res. 2004 May;12(5):778-88. Bes-Rastrollo M, Sanchez-Villegas A, Gomez-Gracia E, Martinez JA, Pajares RM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Predictors of weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Study 1. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):362-70; quiz 394-5. Blum JW, Jacobsen DJ, Donnelly JE. Beverage consumption patterns in elementary school aged children across a two-year period.J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Apr;24(2):93-8. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin nutr 2004, 79, 537-43. DellaValle DM, Roe LS, Rolls BJ (2005). Does the consumption of caloric and non-caloric beverages with a meal affect energy intake? Appetite 44, 187-193. DiMeglio DP, Mattes RD. Liquid versus solid carbohydrate: effects on food intake and body weight. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24:794-800 Dubois L, Farmer A, Girard M, Peterson K. Regular sugar-sweetened beverage consumption between meals increases the risk of overweight among preschool-aged children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2007, 107, 924-934 Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Osganian SK, Chomitz VR, Ellenbogen SJ, Ludwig DS. Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: a randomized, controlled pilot study.Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):673-80 Elfhag K, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks in association to restrained, external and emotional eating. Physiology and behaviour, 2007, 91, 191-195. Fernald L. Socio-economic status and body mass index in low-income Mexican adults. Soc Sci Med, 2007, 64 (10), 2030-2042 Forshee RA, Anderson PA, Storey ML. The role of beverage consumption, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and demographics on body mass index of adolescents. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2004, 55 (6), 463-478. Forshee RA, Storey ML. Total beverage consumption and beverage choices among children and adolescents. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2003, 54 (4), 297-307. French SA, Jeffery RW, Forster JL, Mcgovern PG, Kelder SH, Baxter JE. Predictors of weight change over two years among a population of working adults: the healthy worker project. International Journal of Obesity (1994), 18, 145-154. Giammattei J, Blix G, Marshak HH, Wollitzer AO, Pettitt DJ. Television watching and soft drink consumption. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003, 157, 882-6. Gibson S. Hypothesis : parents may selectively restrict sugar-containing foods for pre-school children with a high BMI. International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 1998, vol. 49, no1, pp. 65-70 Gillis LJ, Bar-Or O. Food away from home, sugar-sweetened drink consumption and juvenile obesity. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Dec;22(6):539-45 James J, Thomas P, Cavan D, Kerr D. Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004, 328, 1236 Kvaavik E. Andersen LF, Klepp KI. The stability of soft drinks intake from adolescence to adult age and the association between long-term conusmption of soft drinks and lifespyle factors and body weight. Public health Nutr 2005, 8, 149-57. Liebman M, Pelican S, Moore SA, Holmes B, Wardlaw MK, Melcher LM, Liddil AC, Paul LC, Dunnagan T, Haynes GW. Dietary intake, eating behavior, and physical activity-related determinants of high body mass index in rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Jun;27(6):684-92 Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis.Lancet. 2001 Feb 17;357(9255):505-8 Mattes RD. Dietary compensation by humans for supplemental energy provided as ethanol or carbohydrate in fluids (1996). Physiology and behaviour, 59, 1, 179-187. McCarthy SN, Robson PJ, Livingstone MBE, Kiely M, Flynn A, Cran GW, Gibney MJ. Associations between daily food intake and excess adiposity in Irish adults: towards the development of food-based dietary guidelines for reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. International of Obesity, 2006, 30, 993-1002. Mrdjenovic G, Levitsky DA. Nutritional and energetic consequences of sweetened drink consumption in 6-13 year old children. J Pediatr 2003, 142, 604-10 Newby PK, Peterson KE, Berkey CS, Leppert J, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Beverage consumption is not associated with changes in weight and body mass index among low-income preschool children in North Dakota. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Jul;104(7):1086-94 Nicklas TA, Yang SJ, Baranowski T, Zakeri I, Berenson G. Eating patterns and obesity in children. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Prev Med. 2003 Jul;25(1):9-16 Ochoa MC, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Martinez JA, Marti A, and the GENOI members. Predictor factors for childhood obesity in a Spanish case-control study. Nutrition, 2007, 23, 379-384. O'Connor TM, Yang SJ, Nicklas TA. Beverage intake among preschool children and its effect on weight status. pediatrics, 2006, 118 (4) 1010-8. Phillips SM, Bandini LG, naumova EN. Energy-dense snack food intake in adolescence: Relationship to weight and fatness. Obes Res 2004;12:461-72 Popkin BM, Armstrong LE, Bray GM, Caballero B, Frei B, Willett WC (2006). A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr, 83, 529-42 Raben A, Vasilaras TH, Moller AC, Astrup A. Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76, 721-9. Rajeshwari R, Yang SJ, Nicklas TA, Berenson GS. Secular trends in children's sweetened- beverages consumption (1973 to 1994): The Bogalusa heart study. Journal of the Amercian Dietetic Association 2005, 105; 208-214. Reid M, Hammersley R, Hill AJ, Skidmore P. Long-term compensation for added sugar: effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week period. British Journal of Nutrition 2007, 97, 193-203. Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Garcia EL, Gorgojo L, Garces C, Royo MA, Moreno JMM, Benavente M, Macias A, De Oya M. Consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yoghurt among children aged 6-7 years: association with nutrient intake and overall diet quality. British Journal of Nutrition, 2003, 89, 419-428 Roseman MG, Yeung WK, Nickelsen J. Examination of weight status and dietary behaviour of middle school students in Kentucky. J An Diet Assoc, 2007, 107 (7), 1139-45. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004 Aug 25;292(8):927-34 Striegel-Moore RH, Thompson D, Affenito SG, Franko DL, Obarzanek E et al. Correlates of beverage intake in adolescents girls: The national heart, lung, and blood institute growth and health study. The Journal of Pediatrics 2006, 148,183-7. Tordoff MG, Alleva AM. Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight.Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jun;51(6):963-9 Troiano RP, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Bialostosky K. Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000,72 (suppl) 1343-53 Warner ML, Harley K, Bradman A, Vargas G, Eskenazi B. Soda consumption and overweight status of 2-year-old mexican-american children in California. Obesity 2006, 14 (11), 1966-74. Welsh JA, Cogswell ME, Rogers S, Rockett H, Mei Z, Grummer-Strawn LM. Overweight among low-income preschool children associated with the consumption of sweet drinks: Missouri, 1999-2002. Pediatrics 2005; 115e223-9. PROTEIN and Satiety
Individual Studies, Journal
Beucher S, Levenenz F, Yvon M, Corring T. Effects of gastric digestive products from casein on CCK release by intestinal cells in rat. J Nutr Biochem.1994. 5: 578-84. Corring T, Beaufrere B., Maubois JL. Release of cholecystokinin in people after ingestion of glycomacropeptide (GMP). Abstracts of paper presentations from the International Whey Conference.1997. Hall WL, Millward DJ, Long SJ, Morgan LM. Casein and whey excert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite. British J of Nutr. 2003, 89, 239-248 Kreuss M, Kuloznik U. Glykoproteine – Ihre physiologische Rolle im Stoffwechsel sowie Vorkommen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Milchindustrie. 2006. Deutsche Lebensmittelzeitung 22/2006, 28-31. Yvon M, Beucher S, Guilloteau P, Le Huerou-Luron I, Corring T. Effects of cseinomactropeptide (CGP) on digestion regulation. 1994. Reprod Nutr Dev 34, 527-537. Patent
Dartey C, Leveille G, Sox TE. Compositions for appetite control and related methods. US Patent. 2003 (international publication date 27.03.2003), international application number PCT/US02/29300, international publication number WO 03/024246 A1. Kreuss M, Thomä-Worringer C, Kulozik U. Caseinomakropeptid – Potential und Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Milchindustrie. Deutsche Milchzeitung. 2006; 19: 18-21. Pedersen NL, Nagain-Domaine C, Mahé S, Chario J., Rozé C, Tomé. Caseinomacropeptide specifically stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion in the anesthetized rat. Peptides. 2000; Oct; 21(10), 1527–1535. INOSITOL and Cognitive and mental performance
Studies
Barak, Y. et al. 1996. Inositol treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A double blind, crossover placebo controlled trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 20(4): 729-735. Benjamin, J. et al. 1995a. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of inositol treatment for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 152(7): 1084-1086. Benjamin, J. et al. 1995b. Inositol treatment in psychiatry. Psychopharmacol Bull 31(1): 167-175. Belmaker, R. H. et al. 1995. Manipulation of inositol-linked second messenger systems as a therapeutic strategy in psychiatry. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 49: 67-84. Brink CB et al. 2004. Effects of myo-inositol versus fluoxetine and imipramine pretreatments on serotonin 5HT2A and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in human neuroblastoma cells. Metab Brain Dis. 19(1-2):51-70. Cai, F. et al. 1990. Preliminary report of efficacy of diabetic polyneuropathy treated with large dose inositol. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 21(2): 201-203. Carey et al. 2004. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment with inositol. Metab Brain Dis. 19(1-2):125-34. Chengappa et al. 2000. Inositol as an add-on treatment for bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord. 2(1):47-55. Colodny, L. and R. L. Hoffman. 1998. Inositol--clinical applications for exogenous use. Altern Med Rev 3(6): 432-447. Friedman CA, et al. 2000. Relationship between serum inositol concentration and development of retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective study. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus Mar-Apr;37(2): 79-86. Fux, M. et al. 1996. Inositol treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 153(9): 1219-1221. Gelber et al. 2001. Effect of inositol on bulimia nervosa and binge eating. Int J Eat Disord. 29(3):345-8. Gill, D. L. et al. 1989. Calcium signalling mechanisms in endoplasmic reticulum activated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and GTP. Cell Calcium 10(5):363-374. Graf, E. and J. W. Eaton. 1993. Suppression of colonic cancer by dietary phytic acid. Nutr Cancer 19(1): 11-19. Graf, E. et al. 1987. Phytic acid. A natural antioxidant. J Biol Chem 262(24): 11647-1150. Greene, N. D. and A. J. Copp. 1997. Inositol prevents folate-resistant neural tube defects in the mouse. Nat Med 3(1): 60-66. Greist, J. H. et al. 1995. Efficacy and tolerability of serotonin transport inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52(1): 53-60. Hefez, A. et al. 1987. Long-term effects of extreme situational stress on sleep and dreaming. Am J Psychiatry 144(3): 344-347. Hooper, N. 1997. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchored membrane enzymes. Clin Chim Acta 266(1): 3-12. Khandelwal, M. et al. 1998. Dietary myo-inositol therapy in hyperglycemia-induced embryopathy. Teratology 57(2): 79-84. Levine, J. 1997. Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 7(2): 147-155. Levine, J. et al. 1995. Double-blind, controlled trial of inositol treatment of depression. Am J Psychiatry 152(5): 792-794. Levine, J. et al. 1999. Combination of inositol and serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression. Biol Psychiatry 45(3): 270-273. Nemets et al. 1999. Inositol addition does not improve depression in SSRI treatment failures. J Neural Transm. 106(7-8):795-8. Nemets et al. 2002. Myo-inositol has no beneficial effect on premenstrual dysphoric disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry. 3(3):147-9. Palatnik, A. et al., 2001. Double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of inositol versus fluvoxamine for the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(3): 335-339. Rahman, S. and R. S. Neuman. 1993. Myo-inositol reduces serotonin (5-HT2) receptor induced homologous and heterologous desensitization. Brain Res 631(2): 349-351. Reece, E. A. et al. 1997. Dietary intake of myo-inositol and neural tube defects in offspring of diabetic rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176(3): 536-539. Zhou, J. R. and J. W. Erdman. 1995. Phytic acid in health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 35(6): 495-508. Meta-Analysis Review
Gina L. Nick "Inositol as a treatment for psychiatric disorders: a scientific evaluation of its clinical effectiveness". Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. Oct 2004. FindArticles.com. 04 Oct. 2007. TAURINE and Cognitive performance
Studies
Alford C et al. The effects of red bull energy drink on human performance and mood. Amino Acids 2001;21(2):139-50. Ament, MA et al. Taurine supplementation in infants receiving long term parenteral nutrition. J Am Coll Nutr 1986; 5: 129-135. Belli DC, et al. Taurine improves the absorptioin of a fat meal in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pedriatrics 1987;80:517-523. Cañas PD. Rol biológico y nutricional de la taurina y sus derivados. Rev Chil Nutr 2002 29(3) Cuisinier C et al. Changes in plasma and urinary taurine and amino acids in runners immediately and 24h after a marathon.Amino Acids 2001; 20(1):13-23. Cuisinier C et al. Role of taurine in osmoregulation during endurance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002;87(6):489-95. Dawson R Jr., Biasetti M , Messina S, Dominy J. The cytoprotective role of taurine in exercise-induced muscle injury. Amino Acids. 2002; 22(4): 309-324 Dincer, S, Ozenirler, S, Oz, E, Akyol, G, Ozogul, C. The protective effect of taurine pretreatment on tetrachloride induced hepatic damage. A light and electron microscopic study. Aminoacids 2002; 22:417-426. Franconi F. et al. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1115-1119. Gaull, GF. Taurine in the nutrition of the human infant. Acta Ped. Scand. Suppl 1982; 296: 38-47. Gordon, RE; Shaked, AA, Soleno, DF. Taurine protect hamster bronchioles from acute NO2-induced alterations. A histological, ultra-structural and freeze- fracture study. Am J Pathol 1986; 125:585-600. Guizouarn H. Cell volume regulation: The role of taurine loss in maintaining membrane potential and cell pH. J of Physiol 2000; 523:147-154. Hayes KC, Stephan ZF, Sturman JA. Growth depression in taurine-depleted infant monkeys. J Nutr1980;110:2058-2064. Heller-Stilb B et al. Disruption of the taurine transporter gene (taut) leads to retinal degeneration in mice. FASEB J. 2002; 16(2):231-3. Huxtable, RJ, Chubb, J. ß-adrenergic stimulation of taurine transport by the heart Sci 1977; 198: 409-411. Huxtable, R.J. Physiological action of taurine. Physiol. Res 1992; 72:101-103. Ikeda H. Effects of taurine on alcohol withdrawal. Lancet 1977;2:509. Jacobsen JG. Possible physiological functions of taurine in mammalian systems. In Cavallini D. et al. (eds.). Proc 2nd Int Meeting on Low Molecular Weight Sulfur-Containing Natural Products, Rome, June 18-21,1979, pp. 163-172. Mantovani J, De Vivio DC. Effects of taurine on seizures and growth hormone release in epileptic patients. Arch Neurol 1979;36:672-674. Matsuzaki Y et al. Decreased taurine concentration in skeletal muscles after exercise for various durations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34(5):793-7. Mrsny, R, Meizel, S. Inhibition of hamster sperm Na-K+ ATPase activity by taurine and hypotaurine. Life Sci 1984; 36:272-276. Raghon C et al. Probable mode of taurine action 1982; 20:481-483. Seidl R et al. A taurine and caffeine-containing drink stimulates cognitive performance and well-being. Amino Acids 2000;19(3-4):635-42. Schaffer SW et al.Interaction between the actions of taurine and angiotensin II. Amino Acids 2000;18(4):305-18. Van Gelder NM, Sherwin AL, Sacks C, Andermann F. Biochemical observations following administration of taurine to patients with epilepsy. Brain Res 1975;94:297-306. -Wallace D et al. Decreased plasma taurine in aged rats. Gerontology 1990;36: 19-27. Weiss SJ et al. Chlorination of taurine by human neutrophils. Evidence for hypochlorous acid generation. J Clin Invest 1982; 70: 598-607. Wilde MI, Wagstaff AJ. Acamprosate. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in the management of alcohol dependence after detoxification. Drugs 1997;53:1038-1053. Review
Bouckenooghe T, Remacle C., Reusens B.- Is taurine a functional nutrient ? - Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2006 Nov;9(6):728-33. TYROSINE and Cognitive function
Studies
Banderet LE, Lieberman HR. Treatment with tyrosine, a neurotransmitter precursor, reduces environmental stress in humans. Brain Res Bull. 1989; 22:759-762. Elwes RD, Crewes H, Chesterman LP, et al. Treatment of narcolepsy with L-tyrosine: double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 1989; 2(8671):1067-1069. Gelenberg AJ, Gibson CJ. Tyrosine for the treatment of depression. Nutr Health. 1984; 3:163-173. Gelenberg AJ, Wojcik JD, Falk WE, et al. Tyrosine for depression: a double-blind trial. J Affect Disord. 1990; 19:125-132. Gelenberg AJ, Wojcik JD, Gibson CJ, Wurtman RJ. Tyrosine for depression. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-83; 17:175-180. Reimherr FW, Wender PH, Wood DR, Ward M. An open trial of L-tyrosine in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Am J Psychiatry. 1987; 144:1071-1073 Smith ML, Hanley WB, Clarke JTR, et al. Randomised controlled trial of tyrosine supplementation on neuropsychological performance in phenylketonuria. Arch Dis Child. 1998; 78:116-121. Young SN. Behavioral effects of dietary neurotransmitter precursors: basic and clinical aspects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996; 20:313-323. Review
Baldrick P, Richardson D, Wheeler AW. A review of L-tyrosine confirming its safe human use as an adjuvant Journal of Applied Toxicology 2002; 22: 333-344 TRYPTOPHAN and Mental and nerve function
Review
Reilly JG, McTavish SF, Young AH. Rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan: a review of studies and experimental methodology. J Psychopharmacol 1997; 11: 381–92. Russo S., Kema I.P., Fokkema M.R., Boon J.C., Willemse H.B, de Vries, E., den Boer J.A., Korf J. Tryptophan as a link between Psychopathology and somatic states – Psychosomatic Medicine 65:665-671 (2003) Sandyk R. L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. Int J Neurosci 1992; 67: 127–144. Young SN. The use of diet and dietary components in the study of factors controlling affect in humans: a review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1993; 18: 235–44. Studies
Abou-Saleh MT, Ghubash R, Karim L, Krymski M, Anderson DN. The role of pterins and related factors in the biology of early postpartum depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1999; 9: 295–300 Adams PW, Rose DP, Folkard J, Wynn V, Seed M, Strong R. Effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) upon depression associated with oral contraception. Lancet 1973; 1: 899–904. Baumblatt MJ, Winston F. Pyridoxine and the pill. Lancet 1970; 1: 832–3. Beeken WL. Serum tryptophan in Crohn’s disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1976; 11: 735–40 Bender DA. Biochemistry of tryptophan in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 1983; 6: 101–97. Bender DA. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6. Br J Nutr 1999; 81: 7–20. Brown RR, Ozaki Y, Datta DP, Borden EC, Sondel PM, Malone DG. Implications of interferon-induced tryptophan catabolism in cancer, auto-immune diseases and AIDS. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 294: 425–35 Cangiano C, Laviano A, Del Ben M, Preziosa I, Angelico F, Cascino A, Rossi FF. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 648–54. Coppen AJ, Doogan DP. Serotonin and its place in the pathogenesis of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 49, 4–11 (Suppl). Delgado PL, Charney DS, Price LH, Aghajanian GK, Landis H, Heninger GR. Serotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Reversal of antidepressant-induced remission by rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47: 411–18. Delgado PL, Moreno FA. Role of norepinephrine in depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61: 5–12 (Suppl 1). Delgado PL, Price LH, Miller HL, Salomon RM, Aghajanian GK, Heninger GR, Charney DS. Serotonin and the neurobiology of depression. Effects of tryptophan depletion in drug-free depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 865–74 Delgado PL, Moreno FA. Different roles for serotonin in anti-obsessional drug action and the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 35: 21–25 (Suppl). Etienne P, Young SM, Sourkes TL. Inhibition by albumin of tryptophan uptake by rat brain. Nature 1976; 262: 144–5 Eynard N, Flachaire E, Lestra C, Broyer M, Zaidan R, Claustrat B, Quincy C. Platelet serotonin content and free and total plasma tryptophan in healthy volunteers during 24 hours. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 2337–40. Fadda F, Cocco F, Stancampiano R. A physiological method to selectively decrease brain serotonin release. Brain Res Protoc 2000; 5: 219–22. Fassbender K, Schmidt R, Mossner R, Kischka U, Kuhnen J, Schwartz A, Hennerici M. Mood disorders and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in multiple sclerosis: association with cerebral inflammation. Arch Neurol 1998; 55: 66–72. Fierabracci V, Novelli M, Ciccarone AM, Masiello P, Benzi L, Navalesi R, Bergamini E. Effects of tryptophan load on amino acid metabolism in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab 1996; 22: 51–6. Fuchs D, Moller AA, Reibnegger G, Werner ER, Werner FG, Dierich MP, Wachter H. Increased endogenous interferon-gamma and neopterin correlate with increased degradation of tryptophan in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Immunol Lett 1991; 28: 207–11. Fuchs D, Moller AA, Reibnegger G, Stockle E, Werner ER, Wachter H. Decreased serum tryptophan in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with increased serum neopterin and with neurologic/psychiatric symptoms. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1990; 3: 873–6. Goddard AW, Sholomskas DE, Walton KE, Augeri FM, Charney DS, Heninger GR, Goodman WK, Price LH. Effects of tryptophan depletion in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1994; 36: 775–7 Graham CA, Ramos R, Bancroft J, Maglaya C, Farley TM. The effects of steroidal contraceptives on the well-being and sexuality of women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-centre study of combined and progestogen-only methods. Contraception 1995; 52: 363–369 Hallert C, Sedvall G. Improvement in central monoamine metabolism in adult coeliac patients starting a gluten-free diet. Psychol Med 1983; 13: 267–71. Hallert C, Astrom J, Walan A. Reversal of psychopathology in adult coeliac disease with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Scand J Gastroenterol 1983; 18: 299–304. Hanna SM. Carcinoid syndrome associated with psychosis. Postgrad Med J 1965; 41: 566–7 Hashiro M, Okumura M. The relationship between the psychological and immunological state in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 1998; 16: 231–5. Heeringa M, Honkoop P, de Man RA, Feenstra J, Smits CM. Major psychiatric side effects of interferon alpha-2b. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1998; 42: 1618–21. Hernanz A, Polanco I. Plasma precursor amino acids of central nervous system monoamines in children with coeliac disease. Gut 1991; 32: 1478–81 Heyes MP, Saito K, Major EO, Milstien S, Markey SP, Vickers JH. A mechanism of quinolinic acid formation by brain in inflammatory neurological disease. Attenuation of synthesis from L-tryptophan by 6-chlorotryptophan and 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate. Brain 1993; 116: 1425–50. Iancu I, Sverdlik A, Dannon PN, Lepkifker E. Bipolar disorder associated with interferon-alpha treatment. Postgrad Med J 1997; 73: 834–5. Iwagaki H, Hizuta A, Uomoto M, Takeuchi Y, Saito S, Tanaka N. Cancer cachexia and depressive states: a neuro-endocrine-immunological disease? Acta Med Okayama 1997; 5: 233–6. Janssen HL, Brouwer JT, van der Mast RC, Schalm SW. Suicide associated with alfa-interferon therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 1994; 21: 241–3. Jenkins C, Carmody TJ, Rush AJ. Depression in radiation oncology patients: a preliminary evaluation. J Affect Disord 1998; 50: 17–21. Kelly WF, Checkley SA, Bender DA. Cushing’s syndrome, tryptophan and depression. Br J Psychiatry 1980; 136: 125–32 Kent JM, Coplan JD, Martinez J, Karmally W, Papp LA, Gorman JM. Ventilatory effects of tryptophan depletion in panic disorder: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Res 1996; 64: 83–90. Lehmann J. Tryptophan deficiency stupor–a new psychiatric syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1982; 300: 1–57 Leyton M, Young SN, Pihl RO, Etezadi S, Lauze C, Blier P, Baker GB, Benkelfat C. Effects on mood of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion in healthy women. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 22: 52–63 Lipsey JR, Robinson RG, Pearlson GD, Rao K, Price TR. Mood change following bilateral hemisphere brain injury. Br J Psychiatry 1983; 143: 266–73. Lucki I. The spectrum of behaviors influenced by serotonin. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 51–162. Maes M, Jacobs MP, Suy E, Minner B, Leclercq C, Christiaens F, Raus J. Suppressant effects of dexamethasone on the availability of plasma L-tryptophan and tyrosine in healthy controls and in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990; 81: 19–23. Maes M, Claes M, Schotte C, Delbeke L, Jacquemyn Y, Verkerk R, Scharpe S. Disturbances in dexamethasone suppression test and lower availability of L-tryptophan and tyrosine in early puerperium and in women under contraceptive therapy. J Psychosom Res 1992; 36: 191–7. Maes M, Ombelet W, Verkerk R, Bosmans E, Scharpe S. Effects of pregnancy and delivery on the availability of plasma tryptophan to the brain: relationships to delivery-induced immune activation and early post-partum anxiety and depression. Psychol Med 2001; 31: 847–58 Major LF, Brown GL, Wilson WP. Carcinoid and psychiatric symptoms. South Med J 1973; 66: 787–90 Martin CL, Duclos M, Aguerre S, Mormede P, Manier G, Chaouloff F. Corticotropic and serotonergic responses to acute stress with/without prior exercise training in different rat strains. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168: 421–30. McDougle CJ, Naylor ST, Cohen DJ, Aghajanian GK, Heninger GR, Price LH. Effects of tryptophan depletion in drug-free adults with autistic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53: 993–1000. Menkes DB, MacDonald JA. Interferons, serotonin and neurotoxicity. Psychol Med 2000; 30: 259–68 Meyer KC, Arend RA, Kalayoglu MV, Rosenthal NS, Byrne GI, Brown RR. Tryptophan metabolism in chronic inflammatory lung disease. J Lab Clin Med 1995; 126: 530–40 Meyers CA, Scheibel RS, Forman AD. Persistent neurotoxicity of systemically administered interferon-alpha. Neurology 1991; 41: 672–6. Moroni F. Tryptophan metabolism and brain function: focus on kynurenine and other indole metabolites. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 375: 87–100. Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Gumnick JF, Manatunga AK, Penna S, Goodkin RS, Greiner K, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH. Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alpha. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 961–6 Niiranen A, Laaksonen R, Iivanainen M, Mattson K, Farkkila M, Cantell K. Behavioral assessment of patients treated with alpha-interferon. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 78: 622–6 Nozaki O, Takagi C, Takaoka K, Takata T, Yoshida M. Psychiatric manifestations accompanying interferon therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C: an overview of cases in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997; 51: 175–80. Otsubo T, Miyaoka H, Kamijima K, Onuk M, Ishii M, Mitamura K. Depression during interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients–a prospective study. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1997; 99: 101–127 Pardridge WM, Fierer G. Transport of tryptophan into brain from the circulating, albumin-bound pool in rats and in rabbits. J Neurochem 1990; 54: 971–6. Park S, Harrold JA, Widdowson PS, Williams G. Increased binding at 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B), and 5-HT(2A) receptors and 5-HT transporters in diet-induced obese rats. Brain Res 1999; 847: 90–7. Pavol MA, Meyers CA, Rexer JL, Valentine AD, Mattis PJ, Talpaz M. Pattern of neurobehavioral deficits associated with interferon alfa therapy for leukemia. Neurology 1995; 45: 947–50 Poutiainen E, Hokkanen L, Niemi ML, Farkkila M. Reversible cognitive decline during high-dose alpha-interferon treatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1994; 47: 901–5. Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R, Schuld A, Kraus T, Haack M, Morag A, Pollmacher T. Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 445–52 Renault PF, Hoofnagle JH. Park Y, Mullen KD, Peters M, Jones DB, Rustgi V, Jones EA. Psychiatric complications of long-term interferon alfa therapy. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 1577–80. Rose DP, Strong R, Adams PW, Harding PE. Experimental vitamin B6 deficiency and the effect of oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives on tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 requirements. Clin Sci 1972; 42: 465–77. Sanni LA, Thomas SR, Tattam BN, Moore DE, Chaudhri G, Stocker R, Hunt NH. Dramatic changes in oxidative tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway in experimental cerebral and noncerebral malaria. Am J Pathol 1998; 152: 611–619. Schachter J, Brenner B, Fenig E, Yahav J, Marshak G, Sulkes A, Gutman H. Toxicity of adjuvant high-dose interferon-alpha-2b in patients with cutaneous melanoma at high risk of recurrence. Oncol Rep 1999; 6: 1389–93 Smith KA, Fairburn CG, Cowen PJ. Symptomatic relapse in bulimia nervosa following acute tryptophan depletion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 171–6. Sonino N, Fava GA, Raffi AR, Boscaro M, Fallo F. Clinical correlates of major depression in Cushing’s disease. Psychopathology 1998; 31: 302–6. Soderlin MK, Hakala M, Nieminen P. Anxiety and depression in a community-based rheumatoid arthritis population. Scand J Rheumatol 2000; 29: 177–83. Stark GR, Kerr IM, Williams BR, Silverman RH, Schreiber RD. How cells respond to interferons. Annu Rev Biochem 1998; 67: 227–64 Stewart JW, Harrison W, Quitkin F, Baker H. Low B6 levels in depressed outpatients. Biol Psychiatry 1984; 19: 613–16 Stone TW. Inhibitors of the kynurenine pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35: 179–86. Strite D, Valentine AD, Meyers CA. Manic episodes in two patients treated with interferon alpha. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997; 9: 273–6. Thomas SR, Stocker R. Redox reactions related to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway. Redox Rep 1999; 4: 199–220 Trivedi S. Psychiatric symptoms in carcinoid syndrome. J Indian Med Assoc 1984; 82: 292–4. Van der Vange BH, Kloosterboer HJ, Haspels AA. Effects of seven low-dose combined contraceptives on vitamin B6 status. Contraception 1989; 40: 377–84 van Praag HM, Kahn RS, Asnis GM, Wetzler S, Brown SL, Bleich A, Korn ML. Denosologization of biological psychiatry or the specificity of 5-HT disturbances in psychiatric disorders. J Affect Disord 1987; 13: 1–8. Weltzin TE, Fernstrom MH, Fernstrom JD, Neuberger SK, Kaye WH. Acute tryptophan depletion and increased food intake and irritability in bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 1668–71. Widner B, Sepp N, Kowald E, Kind S, Schmuth M, Fuchs D. Degradation of tryptophan in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 467: 571–7. Winston F. Oral contraceptives and depression. Lancet 1969; 1: 1209. Young SN, Ervin FR, Pihl RO, Finn P. Biochemical aspects of tryptophan depletion in primates. Psychopharmacology 1989; 98: 508–11. Young SN, Smith SE, Pihl R, Ervin FR. Tryptophan depletion causes a rapid lowering of mood in normal males. Psychopharmacology Berl 1985; 87: 173–7. Yuwiler A, Oldendorf WH, Geller E, Braun L. Effect of albumin binding and amino acid competition on tryptophan uptake into brain. J Neurochem 1977; 28: 1015–23. BACOPA MONNIERI and Mental health
Monographs
Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, New Edition, 2002, Vol. I, pg. 70-77, Joint Publication of IDMA (Mumbai) and RRL (Jammu-Tawi). Indian Pharmacopeia 1996, Addendum 2005, pg 947- 948, Govt of India. Pharmacopoeia in Ayurveda , Part II, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, 1970, pg 29. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India,1999, Part I, Volume II, First Edition, Govt of India, pg 25-26. Peer-reviewed Publications
Allan JJ, Damodaran A, Deshmukh NS, Goudar KS and Amit A (2007) ”Safety evaluation of a standardized phytochemical composition extracted from Bacopa monnieri in Sprague Dawley rats”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45: 1928-1937. Barbhaiya HC, Desai R, Saxena VS, Pravina K, Venkateshwaralu K, Pathan WA, Geetharani P, Allan JJ and Amit A “Efficacy and tolerability of a specialized preparation of Bacopa monnieri on memory improvement in elderly volunteers - a double blind placebo controlled study”. Journal of Science and Healing (Submitted, under review). Deb DD, Kapoor P, Dighe RP, Padmaja R, Anand MS, D’Souza P, Deepak M, Murali B and Amit A. (2007) “In vitro safety evaluation ond anticlastogenic effect of BacoMind™ on human lymphocytes”, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences (In Press). Deepak M and Amit A (2004) “The need for establishing identities of ‘bacoside A and B’, the major bioactive saponins of Indian medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri”, Phytomedicine, 11: 264-268. Deepak M, Sangli GK, Arun PC and Amit A (2005) “Quantitative determination of the major saponin mixture ‘Bacoside A’ in Bacopa monnieri by HPLC, Phytochemical analysis, 16 (1): 24-29. Kasture SB, Kasture VS, Joshua AJ, Damodaran A and Amit A (2007), “Nootropic activity of BacoMind™, an enriched phytochemical composition from Bacopa monnieri”, Journal of Natural Remedies, 7(1): 166-173. Nikhil S, Sudha S, Aruna B, Amarjeeth R, Guido S and Amit A (2007) “Preliminary evaluation of different components of Bacopa monnieri for laxative effect”, Journal of Natural Remedies, 7 (1): 174-182. Prashanth D, Deepak D, Padmaja R, Sandhya K, Anjana M, Arun PC and Amit A (2002) "Brine shrimp lethality assay of Bacopa monnieri", Phytotheraphy Research, 16 (2): 197-198. Pravina K, Ravindra KR, Goudar KS, Vinod DR, Joshua AJ, Wasim P, Venkateshwaralu K, Saxena VS and Amit A (2007) “Safety evaluation of BacoMind™ in healthy volunteers: a phase I study”, Phytomedicine, 14: 301-308. Samiulla DS, Prashanth D and, Amit A (2001) “Mast cell stabilising activity of Bacopa monnieri”, Fitoterapia 72: 284-285. Sudha S, Kumaresan S, Amit A, David J and Venkataraman BV (2002) “Anti-convulsant activity of different extracts of Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri in animals”, Journal of Natural Remedies, 2/1: 33- 41. Sudha S, Bindu R, Joyce G, Amit A and Venkataraman BV (2005) “Pharmacological interaction of Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri with antiepileptic drugs – an experimental study in rats”, Journal of Natural Remedies, 5 (1): 63-69. Evidence of Tradition of Use
Ambikadatta Shastri, Bhaisajya Ratnavali, Pub: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1996, Hindi-Sanskrit version, 113, 362, 373. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, First edn. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of ISM&H. 1999, Part I, Vol. II, Chapter II, 25 – 26, Ayurvedic drugs and their plant sources V. V Sivarajan and Indira Balachadran. Bhishagratna KL, Susrutha Samhita-English translation, Chowkhamba publication, Veranasi, 1996,fifth edn,vol-II, 524-526. Gupta AK, Sharma M, Tandon N, Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants, Indian council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 2004, 4 , 4-23. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, New Edition, 2002,Vol.I,p.70-77,Joint Publication of IDMA (Mumbai) and RRL ( Jammu-Tawi). Indian Medicinal Plants - a compendium of 500 species Part 3 by Orient Longman Publications, 1997, 209. Indian Pharmacopeia 1997, Addendum 2005, pg 947- 948, Govt of India. Nadkarni KM, Indian Materia Medica, Vol. 1, Popular Prakashan, 1993, 624. Pharmacopoeia in Ayurveda , Part II, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, 1970, pg 29. o Kings 4:33, An indigenous plant to Western Asia and modern Africa o Exodus 12:22, The Isralites used in sprinkling the blood of the paschal lamb upon the o Leviticus 14:4,6,51,52, In sprinkling blood in purifications o Hebrews 9:9, In sprinkling blood in purifications o Numbers19:6, Used in the sacrifices of separation o John 19:29, Used in giving Jesus vinegar on the cross Sharma PV, Charaka Samhita, Chikithsa Sthana, chapter I, Chaukambha Orientalia publication, edn II, 1996, English version, 22, 24-29. Sharma PV, Dhanwantri Nigantu, Karaveeradi Varga (Suvarchala Vishesha), Chaukambha Orientalia pub. I, 1982, Hindi - Sanskrit version, 137, 236. Sharma PC, Yelne MB, Dennis TJ, Database on Medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, Central council for research in Ayurveda & Siddha (Dept. Of ISM&H, Min. of Health &Family Welfare, Govt of India), New Delhi, 2000, Vol-1,93-101. Srikantamurthy K, Sharanghadhara Samhitha, Swarasa Adhyaya, Chapter I, edn. II, 1995, Chaoukambha Orientalia publication, 53. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, 32- GHRTA (Snehakalpa), Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Planning, Department of Health, 1987, Part I, 77 – 6. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1999, Part I, Volume II, First Edition, Govt of India, pg 25-26. Traditionally used in India for over 5000 years. CAMELLIA SINENSIS and Cognitive performance
Reviews
Delmonte,M.M. (1984) Electrocortical activity and related phenomena associated with meditation practice: a literature review. Int.J.Neurosci. 24, 217-231 Fredholm,B.B., Battig,K., Holmen,J., Nehlig,A. and Zvartau,E.E. (1999) Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacological Reviews 51, 83-133. Nehlig,A. (1999) Are we dependent upon coffee and caffeine? A review on human and animal data. Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews 23, 563-576. Smith,A. (2002) Effects of caffeine on human behaviour. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40, 1243-1255. Individual Studies
Bastiaansen,M.C., Bocker,K.B.E., Brunia,C.H., de Munck,J.C. and Spekreijse,H. (2001) Event-related desynchronization during anticipatory attention for an upcoming stimulus: a comparative EEG/MEG study. Clinical Neurophsyiology 112, 393-403. Bastiaansen,M.C. and Brunia,C.H. (2001) Anticipatory attention: an event-related potential desynchronization approach. International Journal of Psychophysiology 43, 91-107. Berger,H. (1929) Ubre das elektroenkephalogram des menschen. Arch.F.Psychiat. 87, 527-570. Brice,C.F. and Smith,A.P. (2002) Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: a study of realistic consumption. Psychopharmacology 164, 188-192. Brown,B.B. (1970) Recognition of aspects of consciousness through association with EEG alpha activity represented by a light signal. Psychophysiol. 6, 442-452. Cartwright,R.A., Roberts,E.A.H. and Wood,D.J. (1954) Theanine an amino acid of N-ethyl amide present in tea. J.Sci.Food Agric. 1954, 597-599. Casimir,J., Jadot,J. and Renard,M. (1960) Separation and characterisation on N-ethyl-g-glutamine in Xerocomus badius (Boletus ladius). Biochem.Biophys.Acta. 39, 462-468 Christopher,G., Sutherland,D. and Smith,A. (2005) Effects of caffeine in non-withdrawn volunteers. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 20, 47-53. Ekborg-Ott,H.K., Taylor,A. and Armstrong,D.W. (1997) Varietal differences in the total andenantiomeric composition of theanine in tea. J.Agric.Food Chem. 45, 353-363. Finger,A., Kuhr,S. and Engelhardt,U.H. (1992) Chromatography of tea constituents. J.Chromatogr. 624, 293-315. Foxe,J.J., Simpson,G.V. and Ahlfors,S.P. (1998) Parieto-occipital similar to 10 Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mechanisms. Neuroreport 9, 3929-3933. Fu,K.M.G., Foxe,J.J., Murray,M.M., Higgins,B.A., Javitt,D.C. and Schroeder,C.E. (2001) Attention-dependent suppression of distracter visual input can be cross-modally cued as indexed by anticipatory parieto-occipital alpha-band oscillations. Cognitive Brain Research 12, 145-152. Gomez-Ramirez,A., Higgins,B.A., Owen,G.N., Rycroft,J.A. and Foxe,J.J. (2005) Effects of Theanine on the Deployment of Intersensory Selective Attention: A high-density electrical mapping study. Neuopsychologia. Juneja,L.R., Chu,D., Okubo,T., Nagato,Y. and Yokogoshi,H. (1999) L-theanine - a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effects in humans. Trends in Food Sci.Technol. 10, 199-204. Kamei,T., Toriumi,Y., Kimura,H. and Kimura,K. (2001) Correlation between alpha rythms and natural killer cell activity during yogic respiratory exercise. Stress and Health 17, 141-145. Kelly,S.P., Lalor,E.C., Reilly,R.B. and Foxe,J.J. (2005) Visual spatial attention tracking using high-density SSVEP data for independent brain-computer communication. IEEE Transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering 13, 172-178. Kim,K.S., Yum,K.S. and Lee,Y. (2001) Effect of changes in muscle tension and brain alpha wave activity induced by functional beverage on golf performance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Food, Nutrition and Health for the 21st Century. Kimura,R. and Murata,T. (1986) Effect of theanine on norepinephrine and serotonin levels in rat brain. Chem.Pharm.Bull. 34, 3053-3057. Kimura,R. and Murata,T. (1971) Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous system I: central depressant effects of theanine. Chem.Pharm.Bull. 19, 1301-1307. Klimesch,W., Dopplemayr,M., Russegger,H., Pachinger,T. and Schwaiger,J. (1998) Induced alpha band power changes in the human EEG and attention. Neuroscience Letters 244, 73-76. Konishi,S. and Takahashi,E. (1966) Existence and synthesis of L-glutamic acid g-methylamide in tea plants. Plant Cell Physiol. 7, 171-175. Kobayashi,K., Nagato,Y., Aoi,N. et al. (1998) Effects of L-theanine on the release of a-brain waves in human volunteers. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 72, 153-157. Lieberman,H.R., Tharion,W.J., Shukitt-Hale,B., Speckman,K.L. and Tulley,R. (2002) Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during US Navy SEAL training. Psychopharmacology 164, 250-261. Lorist,M.M. and Snel,J. (1997) Caffeine effects on perceptual and motor processes. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 102, 410-413. Millin,D.J., Crispin,D.J. and Swaine,D. (1969) Nonvolatile components of black tea and their contribution to the character of the beverage. J.Agric.Food Chem. 17, 717-722. Nagai,Y., Sato,H. and Kashimura,J. (2003) Effect of palatinose administration on alpha 1 brain waves in human volunteers. Food Sci.Technol.Res. 9, 357-360. Nagashima,Z., Nakagawa,M., Tokumura,H. and Toriumi,Y. (1957) Free amino acids in tea IV: quantitative changes in the manufacture of black and green tea. J.Agric.Chem.Soc.Jpn. 31, 169-173. Oda,Y. (1999) Relaxation effects in humans of underwater exercise of moderate intensity. Eur.J.App.Physiol.Occ.Physiol. 80, 253-259. Passmore,A.P., Kondowe,G.B. and Johnstone,G.D. (1987) Renal and cardiovascular effects of caffeine: a dose response study. Clinical Science 72, 749-756. Ruijter,J., De Ruiter,M.B. and Snel,J. (2000) The effects of caffeine on visual selective attention to color: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 37, 427-439. Ruijter,J., Lorist,M.M. and Snel J (1999) The influence of different doses of caffeine on visual task performance. Journal of Psychophysiology 13, 37-48. Sakato,Y. (1950) Studies on the chemical constituents of tea. A new amide - theanine. Agri.Chem.Soc.Japan 23, 262-267. Song,C.H., Jung,J.H., Oh,J.S. and Kim,K.S. (2003) Effects of theanine on the release of alpha brain waves in adult males. Korean J.Nutrition 36, 918-923. Song,C.H. (2002) The effects of L-theanine containing functional beverage on mental relaxation and fatigue perception. J.Korean Acad.Fam.Med. 23, 637-64. Stoyva,J. and Kamiya,J. (1968) Electrophysiological studies of dreaming as the prototype of a new strategy in the study consciousness. Psychol.Rev. 75, 192-205. Smith,A., Sturgess,W. and Gallagher,J. (1999) Effects of a low dose of caffeine given in different drinks on mood and performance. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 17, 473-482. Smith,A.P., Rusted,J.M., Eaton-Williams,P., Savory,M. and Leathwood,P. (1990) Effects of caffeine given before and after lunch on sustained attention. Neuropsychobiology 23, 160-163. Terishima,T., Takido,J. and Yokogoshi,H. (1998) Time-dependent changes of amino acids in the serum, liver, brain and urine of rats administered with theanine. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 63, 615-618. Travis,F., Olson,T., Egenes,T. and Gupta,H. (2001) Physiological patterns during practice of the transcendental meditation technique compared with patterns while reading saskrit and a modern language. Int.J.Neurosci. 109, 71-80. Unno,T., Suzuki,Y., Kakuda,T., Hayakawa,T. and Tsuge,H. (1999) Metabolism of theanine, -glutmylethylamide, in rats. J.Agric.Food Chem. 47, 1593-1596. Vanni,S., Revonsuo,A. and Hari,R. (1997) Modulation of the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm during object detection. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 7141-7147. Walsh,D.H. (1973) Interactive effects of alpha feedback and instructional set on subjective states. Psychophysiol. 11, 235-428. Wickremasinghe,R.L. (1978) Tea (in food research). Advanced Food Research 24, 229 286. Worden,M.S., Foxe,J.J., Wang,N. and Simpson,G.V. (2000) Anticipatory biasing of visuospatial attention indexed by retinotopically specific alpha-band electroencephalography increases over occipital cortex. J.Neurosci.Online 20, RC63. Yokogoshi,H., Kobayashi,M., Mochizuki,M. and Terashima,T. (1998) Effect of theanine, g-Glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Life.Sci. 62, 1065-1068. Yokogoshi,H., Mochizuki,M. and Saitoh,K. (1998) Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 62, 816-817. CENTELLA ASIATICA and Cognition
Textbooks
British herbal pharmacopoeia, Part 2. London, British Herbal Medicine Association, 1979. WHO Monographs on selected plants. Volume 1. Geneva, 1999. p 81. Reference to traditional use. Articles
Medicinal plants in Viet Nam. Manila, World Health Organization, 1990 (WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series, No. 3). The Indian pharmaceutical codex. Vol. I. Indigenous drugs. New Delhi, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, 1953. Human Studies
Appa Rao, MVR, Srinivasan, K and Rao, KT, Effect of Mandukaparni on general mental ability of mentally retarded children, J Res Ind Med, 8, 9, 1973. Animal Studies
Rao SB, Chetana M, Uma Devi P. 2005. Centella asiatica. treatment during postnatal period enhances learning and memory in mice. Physiol Behav 86: 449–457. Veerendra Kumar MH, Gupta YK. Effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(2):253-260. CROCUS SATIVUS and Mental health
Textbooks
Hagers Handbuch, 5 Auflage, Springer Verlag, 1994, 436 – 450. Human Studies
Abe K, Saito H, Effects of saffron extract and its constituent crocin on learning behavior and long-term Potentiation, Phytother Res. 2000; 14: 149-52. Akhondzadeh S, et al., Crocus sativus in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial, Phytotherapy Research 2005; 19(2): 148-151. Akhondzadeh S, et al., Comparison of Crocus sativus and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial, Biomed Central Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2004; 4(1): 12. Akhondzadeh B, et al., Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: A pilot double-blind randomized trial. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry Volume 31, Issue 2, 30 March 2007, Pages 439-442. Moshiri E, Basti AA, et al. Crocus sativius L.(petal) in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression:a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial, Phytomedecine, 2006 Nov;13 (9-10);607-11. Noorbola et al. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial. J Ethnopharmacol, 2005;97(2):281-284. Animal Studies
Zhang Y, Shoyama Y, Sugiura M, Saito H, Effect of Crocus sativus on the ethanol-induced impairment of passive avoidance performances in mice, Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1994; 17: 217-221. GARCINIA CAMBOGIA and Weight management
Studies
Badmaev V, Majeed M. Open field, physician controlled, clinical evaluation of botanical weight loss formula citrin. Presented at: Nutracon 1995: Nutriceuticals, Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods; July 11-13, 1995; Las Vegas, Nev. Bray GA. Use and abuse of appetite suppressant drugs in the treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:707-713. Burstein L, Kim KS, Delandshere G. Multilevel Investigations of Systematically Varying Slopes: Issues, Alternatives, and Consequences. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1989. Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Note for Guidance on Clinical Investigation of Drugs Used in Weight Control. London, England: The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products; 1997. Conte AA. A non-prescription alternative on weight reduction therapy. Am J Bariatr Med. Summer 1993:17-19. Dempster AP, Laird NH, Rubin DB. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J R Stat Soc. 1977;39B:1-38. Girola M, De Bernardi M, Contos S, et al. Dose effect in lipid-lowering activity of a new dietary intetrator (chitosan, Garcinia cambogia extract, and chrome). Acta Toxicol Ther. 1996;17:25-40. Graham JW, Hoofer SM, Picnic AM. Analysis with missing data in drug prevention research. In: Des Collins LM, Seats LA, eds. Advances in Data Analysis for Prevention Intervention Research. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1994:13. NIDA Research Monograph 142. Heymsfield SB, Tighe A, Wang ZM. Nutritional assessment by anthropometric and biochemical methods. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea & Febiger; 1992:812-841. Heymsfield SB, Visser M, Gallagher D, Pierson RN Jr, Wang ZM. Techniques used in measurement of body composition: an overview with emphasis on bioelectrical impedance analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(suppl):478S-484S. FREE FULL TEXT Hobbs LS. (–)-Hydroxycitrate (HCA). In: The New Diet Pills. Irvine, Calif: Pragmatic Press; 1994:161-174. Lewis YS, Neelakantan S. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid: the principal acid in the fruits of Garcinia cambogia. Phytochemistry. 1965;4:610-625. Lowenstein JM. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on fatty acid synthesis by rat liver in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1971;246:629-632. FREE FULL TEXT Martius C, Maué R. Darstellung, physiologisches Verhalten und Bedeutung der (+)- Oxycitronensäure und ihrer Isomeren. Z Physiol Chem. 1941;269:33-40. Nageswara Rao R, Sakeriak KK. Lipid-lowering and antiobesity effect of (-) hydroxycitric acid. Nutr Res. 1988;8:209-212. FULL TEXT National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Long-term pharmacotherapy in the management of obesity. JAMA. 1996;276:1907-1915. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statements: gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(suppl):487S-619S. Niklson IA, Reimitz PE, Sennef C. Factors that influence the outcome of placebo-controlled antidepressant clinical trials. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1997;33:41-51. ISI | PUBMED Pietrobelli A, Formica C, Wang ZM, Heymsfield SB. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition model: review of physical concepts. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:E941-E951. Rothacker DQ, Waitman BE. Effectiveness of a Garcinia cambogia and natural caffeine combination in weight loss: a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Int J Obes. 1997;21(suppl 2):53. Russel-Aulet M, Wang J, Thornton J, Pierson RN Jr. Comparison of dual photon absorptiometry system for total body bone and soft tissue measurements: dual-energy x-ray versus gadolinium 153. J Bone Miner Res. 1991;6:411-415. 18. Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Withers R. Multicomponent molecular-level models for body composition analysis. In: Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, eds. Human Body Composition. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics; 1996:129-147. Sullivan AC, Hamilton JG, Neal Miller O, Wheatley VR. Inhibition of lipogenesis in rat liver by (-)-hydroxycitrate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1972;150:183-190. FULL TEXT | ISI | PUBMED Sullivan AC, Trescari J, Hamilton JG, Neal Miller O, Wheatley VR. Effect of (–)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat, I: lipogenesis. Lipids. 1973;9:121-128. Sullivan AC, Triscari J, Neal Miller O. The influence of (-)-hydroxycitrate on in vivo rates of hepatic glycogenesis: lipogenesis and cholesterol-genesis. Fed Proc. 1974;33:656. Sullivan AC, Triscari J, Hamilton JG, Neal Miller O. Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat: appetite. Lipids. 1973;9:129-134. Thom E. Hydroxycitrate (HCA) in the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes. 1996;20(suppl 4):48. Vasselli JR, Shane E, Boozer CN, Heymsfield SB. Garcinia cambogia extract inhibits body weight gain via increased energy expenditure (EE) in rats. FASEB J. 1998;12(part I):A505. von Lippmann EO. Uber eine neue, im Rübensaft vorkommende Säure. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges. 1883;16:1078-1081. Watson JA, Lowenstein JM. Citrate and the conversion of carbohydrate into fat. J Biol Chem. 1970;245:5993-6002. Watson JA, Fang M, Lowenstein JM. Tricarballylate and hydroxycitrate: substrate and inhibitor of ATP: citrate oxaloacetate lyase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1969;35:209-217. Webster JD, Hesp R, Garrow JS. The composition of excess weight in obese women estimated by body density, total body water and total body potassium. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1984;38:299-306. PUBMED Review
Allison, D.B., Fontaine, K.R. Heshka, S., Mentore, J.L: &Heymsfield,S.B. (2001) Alternative tretments for weirht loss: a critical review. Critical Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 41(1), 1-28 FUCUS VESICULOSUS and Weight management
Studies
Anonymous. Kelp diets can produce myxedema in iodide-sensitive individuals. JAMA 1975;233(1):9-10. Clark CD, Bassett B, Burge MR. Effects of kelp supplementation on thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. Endocr Pract 2003;9(5):363-369. Conz PA, La Greca G, Benedetti P, et al. Fucus vesiculosus: a nephrotoxic alga? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998;13(2):526-527. Durig J, Bruhn T, Zurborn KH, et al. Anticoagulant fucoidan fractions from Fucus vesiculosus induce platelet activation in vitro. Thromb Res 1997;85(6):479-491. Eliason BC. Transient hyperthyroidism in a patient taking dietary supplements containing kelp. J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11(6):478-480. Ellouali M, Boisson-Vidal C, Durand P, et al. Antitumor activity of low molecular weight fucans extracted from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum. Anticancer Res 1993;13(6A):2011-2020. Grauffel V, Kloareg B, Mabeau S, et al. New natural polysaccharides with potent antithrombic activity: fucans from brown algae. Biomaterials 1989;10(6):363-368. Lamela M, Anca J, Villar R, et al. Hypoglycemic activity of several seaweed extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 1989;27(1-2):35-43. Le Tutour B, Benslimane F, Gouleau MP, et al. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of the brown algae, Laminaria digitata, Himanthalia elongata, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus and Ascophyllum nodosum. J Applied Phycology 1998;10(2):121-129. Maruyama H, Nakajima J, Yamamoto I. A study on the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities of a crude fucoidan from the edible brown seaweed Laminaria religiosa, with special reference to its inhibitory effect on the growth of sarcoma-180 ascites cells subcutaneously implanted into mice. Kitasato Arch Exp Med 1987;60(3):105-121. Nishiyama S, Mikeda T, Okada T, et al. Transient hypothyroidism or persistent hyperthyrotropinemia in neonates born to mothers with excessive iodine intake. Thyroid 2004;14(12):1077-1083. Pye KG, Kelsey SM, House IM, et al. Severe dyserythropoiesis and autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with ingestion of kelp supplements. Lancet 1992;339(8808):1540. Shilo S, Hirsch HJ. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism in a patient with a normal thyroid gland. Postgrad Med J 1986;62(729):661-662. Skibola CF, Curry JD, VandeVoort C, et al. Brown kelp modulates endocrine hormones in female sprague-dawley rats and in human luteinized granulosa cells. J Nutr 2005;135(2):296-300. Yamamoto I, Nagumo T, Fujihara M, et al. Antitumor effect of seaweeds. II. Fractionation and partial characterization of the polysaccharide with antitumor activity from Sargassum fulvellum. Jpn J Exp Med 1977;47(3):133-140. Review
Fitoterapia. 2000 Aug;71 Suppl 1:S73-82 - C. O. Moro and G. Basile - Obesity and medicinal plants LYCOPODIUM SERRATUM and Mental health
In vitro studies
Ashani Y, Peggins JO 3rd, Doctor BP. Mechanism of inhibition of cholinesterases by huperzine A. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1992;184(2):719-726. Bai, D. L.; Tang, X. C.; He, X. C. Huperzine A, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Current Medicinal Chemistry , 2000, vol. 7, iss. 3, p. 355-374. Darvesh S, Walsh R, Martin E. Enantiomer effects of huperzine A on the aryl acylamidase activity of human cholinesterases.Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2003 Feb;23(1):93-100. Houghton PJ, Howes MJ. Natural products and derivatives affecting neurotransmission relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Neurosignals. 2005;14(1-2):6-22. Review. Pilotaz F, Masson P. Huperzine a: an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with high pharmacological potential. [Article in French] Annales Pharmacie Francais. 1999;57(5):363-373. Tang, X. C.; He, X. C.; Bai, D. L. Huperzine A: a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Drugs of the Future, 1999, vol. 24, iss 6, p. 647-663. Zangara A. The psychopharmacology of huperzine A: an alkaloid with cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective properties of interest in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Jun;75(3):675-86. Human studies
Sun QQ, Xu SS, et al. Huperzine-A capsules enhance memory and learning performance in 34 pairs of matched adolescent students.Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Jul;20(7):601-3. Wang R, Yan H, Tang XC. Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 27:1-26. Xu SS, Gao ZX, et al. Efficacy of tablet huperzine-A on memory, cognition, and behavior in Alzheimer's disease.Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1995 Sep;16(5):391-5. Xu SS, Cai ZY, et al. Huperzine-A in capsules and tablets for treating patients with Alzheimer disease.Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Jun;20(6):486-90. Zhang Z, Wang X, et al. [Clinical efficacy and safety of huperzine Alpha in treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial]. [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2002 Jul 25;82(14):941-4. Cheng DH, Tang XC. Comparative studies of huperzine A, E2020, and tacrine on behavior and cholinesterase activities. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 1998;60(2):377-386. Tang XC, De Sarno P, Sugaya K, Giacobini E. Effect of huperzine A, a new cholinesterase inhibitor, on the central cholinergic system of the rat. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 1989;24(2):276-285.

Source: http://www.efosz.hu/letoltes/ciaa_tudomanyos_ref_kiegesziteshez.pdf

february 2008

Bergen CFS-FM Support Group Newsletter Meeting Report The February meeting found our group at another location. This one was held at Panera Bread in the Kohl’s shopping plaza in Paramus. We welcomed several new members and a few supportive relatives/friends. This meeting was a sharing session. Each attendee had the chance to briefly tell his/her story. Everyone’s journey with CFS/FM is

Hiroshima y nagasaki

HIROSHIMA Y NAGASAKI El mayor acto de terrorismo de la historia POR ROSE ANA DUEÑAS Y RAISA PAGES —de Granma Internacional— EL sol brillaba y el cielo estaba azul, el 6 de agosto de 1945, cuando Miyoko Matsubara, una niña de 12 años, empezó a trabajar con más de 200 compañeros de su escuela secundaria para niñas en Hiroshima, Japón. Demolían casas para crear cortafuegos,

© 2010-2017 Pdf Pills Composition