Microsoft word - varilla_psbmb2010[1].doc
Sample Abstract for PSBMB 2010 Poster Presentation
DETECTION OF MUTATIONS IN ISONIAZID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM
TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES FROM TB PATIENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Vincent M. Varilla1, Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua2, Concepcion F. Ang3, Myrna T. Mendoza3,
Raul V. Destura2 and Francisco M. Heralde III4
1College of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, Philippine General Hospital
2Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health, University of
3Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital
4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant clinical and epidemiologic dilemma, with
disease burden reaching 8 million new cases annually and 1.7 million deaths per year.
Resistance to first-line drugs like isoniazid (INH) threatens management and cure. INH
resistance is associated with
katG, a gene encoding for catalase-peroxidase and involved in
INH conversion to bioactive form. This study aimed to detect the
katG mutations in local TB
isolates and describe them in comparison with findings elsewhere.
Methodology
Thirty seven TB isolates from patients of PGH were utilized. Phenotype referencing
and antimicrobial drug susceptibility tests (ADST) were previously performed by the IDS-
PGH using CDC standard procedures.
katG gene segment was amplified and PCR product
sequenced and compared with wild type H37Rv (ATCC 25618).
Major Findings
The results confirmed early findings regarding
katG mutation in codon 315, with most
mutations being AGCACC (Ser to Thr). The results show disparity between the number of
phenotypically resistant isolates (89.2%) and the number of actual mutations located in
katG sequences (59.4%), pointing to either new mutation regions of
katG gene or the occurrence
of mutations in other INH resistance associated genes. The isolates showed country-specific
variation (e.g., the absence of mutations in codon 309 and occurrence of novel mutation in
codon 333 (Leu to Arg). Multiple mutations were not found in any Philippine isolate studied,
unlike those in Europe and particularly Belarus, suggesting a possibly lowered secondary
infection rate of local TB patients.
Conclusion/Recommendation
The study showed the mutation profile similarities and differences of INH resistant
strains from the Philippines with elsewhere based on literature. The results also suggest
involvement of other genes in INH resistance of local TB isolates. Further studies need to be
done on the entire
katG gene or to other INH associated resistance genes in order to
account for the observed phenotype.
Keywords: INH-resistance,
katG mutation, tuberculosis
Source: http://www.bic.searca.org/events/2010/psbmb2010/sampleabstract.pdf
Luchtkwaliteitsonderzoek Deze bijlage bevat het volledige luchtkwaliteitsonderzoek en is de verantwoording voor de tekst in paragraaf 4.7 van de toelichting. In de eerste paragraaf van deze bijlage is het geldende beleid en de daarbij horende normering weergeven. De tweede paragraaf is gebruikt om het daadwerkelijke uitgevoerde luchtkwaliteitsonderzoek weer te geven met daarin onder andere
Because acne is not an infection, medicated preparations do not help the problem; they tend to irritate the skin. The following should avoid being used where acne occurs: oily make-ups sunscreens preparations with an SPF factor moisturisers. Acne spots often become worse if they are squeezed or picked and it is essential that these habits are discouraged. In the treatme